PMID- 36832781
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230228
IS  - 2304-8158 (Print)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Electronic)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 4
DP  - 2023 Feb 6
TI  - Pesticide Residues and Metabolites in Greek Honey and Pollen: Bees and Human 
      Health Risk Assessment.
LID - 10.3390/foods12040706 [doi]
LID - 706
AB  - BACKGROUND: Bees encounter a plethora of environmental contaminants during nectar 
      and pollen collection from plants. Consequently, after their entrance into the 
      beehives, the transfer of numerous pollutants to apicultural products is 
      inevitable. METHODS: In this context, during the period of 2015-2020, 109 samples 
      of honey, pollen, and beebread were sampled and analyzed for the determination of 
      pesticides and their metabolites. More than 130 analytes were investigated in 
      each sample by applying two validated multiresidue methods (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and 
      GC-MS/MS). RESULTS: Until the end of 2020, 40 determinations were reported in 
      honey, resulting in a 26% positive to at least one active substance. The 
      concentrations of pesticides ranged from 1.3 ng/g to 785 ng/g honey. For seven 
      active substances in honey and pollen, maximum residue limits (MRLs) exceedances 
      were observed. Coumaphos, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, amitraz metabolites (DMF and 
      DMPF), and tau-fluvalinate were the predominant compounds detected in honey, 
      while several pyrethroids such as lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, and cyfluthrin 
      were also found. Pollen and beebread, as expected, accumulated a higher number of 
      active substances and metabolites (32 in total), exhibiting almost double the 
      number of detections. CONCLUSIONS: Although the above findings verify the 
      occurrence of numerous pesticide and metabolite residues in both honey and 
      pollen, the human risk assessment in the majority of the cases does not raise any 
      concerns, and the same applies to bee risk assessment.
FAU - Kasiotis, Konstantinos M
AU  - Kasiotis KM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6631-0667
AD  - Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and 
      Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece.
FAU - Zafeiraki, Effrosyni
AU  - Zafeiraki E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3776-6264
AD  - Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and 
      Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece.
FAU - Manea-Karga, Electra
AU  - Manea-Karga E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0241-611X
AD  - Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and 
      Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece.
FAU - Anastasiadou, Pelagia
AU  - Anastasiadou P
AD  - Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and 
      Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece.
FAU - Machera, Kyriaki
AU  - Machera K
AD  - Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and 
      Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230206
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Foods
JT  - Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101670569
PMC - PMC9955768
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - GC-MS/MS
OT  - LC-MS/MS
OT  - honey
OT  - metabolites
OT  - pesticides
OT  - pollen
OT  - risk assessment
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/02/26 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/26 06:01
PMCR- 2023/02/06
CRDT- 2023/02/25 02:02
PHST- 2022/12/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/01/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/01/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/02/25 02:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - foods12040706 [pii]
AID - foods-12-00706 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/foods12040706 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Foods. 2023 Feb 6;12(4):706. doi: 10.3390/foods12040706.