PMID- 36837169
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230228
IS  - 1996-1944 (Print)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Electronic)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 4
DP  - 2023 Feb 12
TI  - Towards a Material-by-Design Approach to Electrospun Scaffolds for Tissue 
      Engineering Based on Statistical Design of Experiments (DOE).
LID - 10.3390/ma16041539 [doi]
LID - 1539
AB  - Electrospinning bears great potential for the manufacturing of scaffolds for 
      tissue engineering, consisting of a porous mesh of ultrafine fibers that 
      effectively mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and aid in directing stem cell 
      fate. However, for engineering purposes, there is a need to develop 
      material-by-design approaches based on predictive models. In this methodological 
      study, a rational methodology based on statistical design of experiments (DOE) is 
      discussed in detail, yielding heuristic models that capture the linkage between 
      process parameters (Xs) of the electrospinning and scaffold properties (Ys). Five 
      scaffolds made of polycaprolactone are produced according to a 2(2)-factorial 
      combinatorial scheme where two Xs, i.e., flow rate and applied voltage, are 
      varied between two given levels plus a center point. The scaffolds were 
      characterized to measure a set of properties (Ys), i.e., fiber diameter 
      distribution, porosity, wettability, Young's modulus, and cell adhesion on murine 
      myoblast C1C12 cells. Simple engineering DOE models were obtained for all Ys. 
      Each Y, for example, the biological response, can be used as a driver for the 
      design process, using the process-property model of interest for accurate 
      interpolation within the design domain, enabling a material-by-design strategy 
      and speeding up the product development cycle. The implications are also 
      illustrated in the context of the design of multilayer scaffolds with 
      microstructural gradients and controlled properties of each layer. The 
      possibility of obtaining statistical models correlating between diverse output 
      properties of the scaffolds is highlighted. Noteworthy, the featured DOE approach 
      can be potentially merged with artificial intelligence tools to manage complexity 
      and it is applicable to several fields including 3D printing.
FAU - Carotenuto, Felicia
AU  - Carotenuto F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0142-6690
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita degli Studi 
      di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
AD  - CIMER-Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa, Universita 
      degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Fiaschini, Noemi
AU  - Fiaschini N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1094-7743
AD  - Nanofaber S.r.l., Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Di Nardo, Paolo
AU  - Di Nardo P
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Universita degli Studi 
      di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
AD  - CIMER-Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa, Universita 
      degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Rinaldi, Antonio
AU  - Rinaldi A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3087-2649
AD  - SSPT-PROMAS-MATPRO Laboratory, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, 
      Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, 
      Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230212
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Materials (Basel)
JT  - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101555929
PMC - PMC9961090
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ECM
OT  - biomaterials
OT  - electrospinning
OT  - material genome initiative
OT  - polycaprolactone
OT  - rational design
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/02/26 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/26 06:01
PMCR- 2023/02/12
CRDT- 2023/02/25 03:26
PHST- 2022/12/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/02/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/02/25 03:26 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ma16041539 [pii]
AID - materials-16-01539 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ma16041539 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Materials (Basel). 2023 Feb 12;16(4):1539. doi: 10.3390/ma16041539.