PMID- 36843281
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230501
LR  - 20240410
IS  - 1469-445X (Electronic)
IS  - 0958-0670 (Print)
IS  - 0958-0670 (Linking)
VI  - 108
IP  - 5
DP  - 2023 May
TI  - Natural killer cell subset count and antigen-stimulated activation in response to 
      exhaustive running following adaptation to a ketogenic diet.
PG  - 706-714
LID - 10.1113/EP090729 [doi]
AB  - NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Does a ketogenic diet 
      (KD) modulate circulating counts of natural killer (NK) cells, including 
      CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) subsets, and their ability to activate (CD69 
      expression) following in vitro antigen stimulation in response to exhaustive 
      moderate-intensity exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? The KD 
      amplified the biphasic exercise-induced NK cell response due to a greater 
      mobilisation of the cytotoxic CD56(dim) subset but did not alter NK cell CD69 
      expression. The KD appears to modulate exercise-induced circulating NK cell 
      mobilisation and egress, but not antigen-stimulated circulating NK cell 
      activation. ABSTRACT: We investigated the effect of a 31-day ketogenic diet (KD) 
      compared with a habitual, carbohydrate (CHO)-based diet on total circulating 
      natural killer (NK) CD3(-) CD56(+) , dim and bright subset count, and 
      antigen-stimulated CD3(-) CD56(+) cell activation (CD69(+) ) in response to 
      exhaustive running. In a randomised, repeated-measures, cross-over study, eight 
      trained, male endurance athletes ingested a 31-day low-CHO KD or their habitual 
      diet (HD). On day 31, participants ran to exhaustion at 70% V̇O2max ( approximately 3.5-4 h, 
       approximately 45-50 km). A low-CHO (<10 g) meal was ingested prior to the KD trial, with fat 
      ingested during exercise. A high-CHO (2 g kg(-1) ) meal was ingested prior to the 
      HD trial, with CHO ( approximately 55 g h(-1) ) ingested during exercise. Venous blood samples 
      were collected at pre-exercise, post-exercise and 1 h post-exercise. The KD 
      amplified the classical exercise-induced biphasic CD3(-) CD56(+) cell response by 
      increasing the post-exercise counts (P = 0.0004), which appeared to be 
      underpinned by the cytotoxic CD3(-) CD56(dim) subset (main effect of time point, 
      P < 0.0001). The KD had no effect on NK cells' expression of CD69 or their 
      geometric mean fluorescence intensity of CD69 expression, either for unstimulated 
      or for antigen-stimulated NK cells (all P > 0.05). In conclusion, adaptation to a 
      KD may alter the number of circulating NK cells but not their ability to activate 
      to an antigenic challenge.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Authors. Experimental Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on 
      behalf of The Physiological Society.
FAU - Shaw, David M
AU  - Shaw DM
AD  - School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New 
      Zealand.
FAU - Keaney, Lauren
AU  - Keaney L
AD  - Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University 
      of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Maunder, Ed
AU  - Maunder E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2329-959X
AD  - Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University 
      of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Dulson, Deborah K
AU  - Dulson DK
AD  - School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical 
      Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20230226
PL  - England
TA  - Exp Physiol
JT  - Experimental physiology
JID - 9002940
RN  - 0 (CD56 Antigen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Diet, Ketogenic
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - CD56 Antigen/metabolism
MH  - Killer Cells, Natural
MH  - *Running/physiology
PMC - PMC10988467
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CD56
OT  - CD69
OT  - endurance
OT  - exercise
OT  - flow cytometry
OT  - ketosis
OT  - lymphocytes
COIS- None declared.
EDAT- 2023/02/28 06:00
MHDA- 2023/05/01 06:42
PMCR- 2023/02/26
CRDT- 2023/02/27 01:12
PHST- 2022/07/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/01 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/27 01:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - EPH13328 [pii]
AID - 10.1113/EP090729 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Exp Physiol. 2023 May;108(5):706-714. doi: 10.1113/EP090729. Epub 2023 Feb 26.