PMID- 36843939 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230228 IS - 1663-9812 (Print) IS - 1663-9812 (Electronic) IS - 1663-9812 (Linking) VI - 14 DP - 2023 TI - Biosafety, histological alterations and residue depletion of feed administered anti-parasitic drug emamectin benzoate in golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) as a model candidate fish for sport fishery and conservation in temperate waters. PG - 1106124 LID - 10.3389/fphar.2023.1106124 [doi] LID - 1106124 AB - In the present experiment, the attempt has been made to study the biosafety, toxicity, residue depletion and drug tolerance of graded doses of emamectin benzoate (EB) in juveniles of golden mahseer, Tor putitora as a model candidate fish for sport fishery and conservation in temperate waters through an extended medicated feeding. The graded doses of EB viz., 1x (50 mug/kg fish/day), 2 x (100 mug/kg fish/day), 5 x (250 mug/kg fish/day) and 10 x (500 mug/kg fish/day) were administered to golden mahseer juveniles through medicated diet for 21 days at water temperature of 18.6 degrees C. The higher doses of EB did not cause any mortality during and 30 days after the end of medication period, but considerable variations in feeding and behavior were observed. Severe histological alterations observed after EB-diets (5 x and 10x) were vacuolation, pyknotic nuclei, melanomacrophage centre and necrosis in liver; Bowman's capsule dilation, degenerated renal tubules in kidney; myofibril disintegration, muscle oedema, splitting of muscle fibres, migration of inflammatory cells in muscle; and abundant goblet cells, dilated lamina propria and disarrangement of mucosa in intestine tissues. The residual concentrations of EB metabolites Emamectin B(1a) and B(1b) were analyzed using muscle extracts and were found to be peaked during medication period followed by gradual depletion in post-medication period. The outcome of this study showed that the Emamectin B(1a) residual concentration in fish muscle in 1x, 2x, 5x, and 10x EB treatment groups were 1.41 +/- 0.49, 1.2 +/- 0.7, 9.7 +/- 3.3, and 37.4 +/- 8.2 mug/kg at 30 days of post-medication period, respectively, which falls under the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 100 mug/kg. The results support the biosafety of EB at recommended dose of 50 mug/kg fish/day for 7 days. As residue of EB is recorded falling within the MRL, no withdrawal period is recommended for golden mahseer. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Mallik, Singh, Shahi, Patil, Kala, Pathak, Giri, Das, Tandel, Chandra, Krishna, Ravindran and Pandey. FAU - Mallik, Sumanta Kumar AU - Mallik SK AD - ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Bhimtal, India. FAU - Singh, Shivam AU - Singh S AD - ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Bhimtal, India. FAU - Shahi, Neetu AU - Shahi N AD - ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Bhimtal, India. FAU - Patil, Prasanna Kumar AU - Patil PK AD - ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIBA), Chennai, India. FAU - Kala, Krishna AU - Kala K AD - ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Bhimtal, India. FAU - Pathak, Richa AU - Pathak R AD - ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Bhimtal, India. FAU - Giri, Abhay Kumar AU - Giri AK AD - ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Bhimtal, India. FAU - Das, Partha AU - Das P AD - ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Bhimtal, India. FAU - Tandel, Ritesh Shantilal AU - Tandel RS AD - ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Bhimtal, India. FAU - Chandra, Suresh AU - Chandra S AD - ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Bhimtal, India. FAU - Krishna, Nanitha AU - Krishna N AD - ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Kochi, India. FAU - Ravindran, Rajisha AU - Ravindran R AD - ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Kochi, India. FAU - Pandey, Pramod Kumar AU - Pandey PK AD - ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Bhimtal, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230210 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Pharmacol JT - Frontiers in pharmacology JID - 101548923 PMC - PMC9950520 OTO - NOTNLM OT - anti-parasitic drug OT - emamectin benzoate OT - golden mahseer OT - residue depletion OT - toxicity OT - withdrawal period COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/02/28 06:00 MHDA- 2023/02/28 06:01 PMCR- 2023/02/10 CRDT- 2023/02/27 04:00 PHST- 2022/11/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/01/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/02/27 04:00 [entrez] PHST- 2023/02/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/02/28 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2023/02/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1106124 [pii] AID - 10.3389/fphar.2023.1106124 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Pharmacol. 2023 Feb 10;14:1106124. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1106124. eCollection 2023.