PMID- 36846785
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230228
IS  - 1664-302X (Print)
IS  - 1664-302X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-302X (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2023
TI  - Infection dynamics, transmission, and evolution after an outbreak of porcine 
      reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
PG  - 1109881
LID - 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1109881 [doi]
LID - 1109881
AB  - The present study was aimed at describing the infection dynamics, transmission, 
      and evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 
      after an outbreak in a 300-sow farrow-to-wean farm that was implementing a 
      vaccination program. Three subsequent batches of piglets (9-11 litters/batch) 
      were followed 1.5 (Batch 1), 8 (Batch 2), and 12 months after (Batch 3) from 
      birth to 9 weeks of age. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that shortly after the 
      outbreak (Batch 1), one third of sows were delivering infected piglets and the 
      cumulative incidence reached 80% by 9 weeks of age. In contrast, in Batch 2, only 
      10% animals in total got infected in the same period. In Batch 3, 60% litters had 
      born-infected animals and cumulative incidence rose to 78%. Higher viral genetic 
      diversity was observed in Batch 1, with 4 viral clades circulating, of which 3 
      could be traced to vertical transmission events, suggesting the existence of 
      founder viral variants. In Batch 3 though only one variant was found, 
      distinguishable from those circulating previously, suggesting that a selection 
      process had occurred. ELISA antibodies at 2 weeks of age were significantly 
      higher in Batch 1 and 3 compared to Batch 2, while low levels of neutralizing 
      antibodies were detected in either piglets or sows in all batches. In addition, 
      some sows present in Batch 1 and 3 delivered infected piglets twice, and the 
      offspring were devoid of neutralizing antibodies at 2 weeks of age. These results 
      suggest that a high viral diversity was featured at the initial outbreak followed 
      by a phase of limited circulation, but subsequently an escape variant emerged in 
      the population causing a rebound of vertical transmission. The presence of 
      unresponsive sows that had vertical transmission events could have contributed to 
      the transmission. Moreover, the records of contacts between animals and the 
      phylogenetic analyses allowed to trace back 87 and 47% of the transmission chains 
      in Batch 1 and 3, respectively. Most animals transmitted the infection to 1-3 
      pen-mates, but super-spreaders were also identified. One animal that was 
      born-viremic and persisted as viremic for the whole study period did not 
      contribute to transmission.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Clilverd, Martin-Valls, Li, Martin, Cortey and Mateu.
FAU - Clilverd, Hepzibar
AU  - Clilverd H
AD  - Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 
      Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
FAU - Martin-Valls, Gerard
AU  - Martin-Valls G
AD  - Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 
      Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
FAU - Li, Yanli
AU  - Li Y
AD  - Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 
      Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
FAU - Martin, Marga
AU  - Martin M
AD  - Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 
      Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
FAU - Cortey, Marti
AU  - Cortey M
AD  - Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 
      Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
FAU - Mateu, Enric
AU  - Mateu E
AD  - Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 
      Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230209
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Microbiol
JT  - Frontiers in microbiology
JID - 101548977
PMC - PMC9947509
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - evolution
OT  - founder effect
OT  - genetic diversity
OT  - neutralizing antibodies
OT  - porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
OT  - super-spreader
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/02/28 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/28 06:01
PMCR- 2023/02/09
CRDT- 2023/02/27 06:08
PHST- 2022/11/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/01/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/02/27 06:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/28 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1109881 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Microbiol. 2023 Feb 9;14:1109881. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1109881. 
      eCollection 2023.