PMID- 36850480
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230228
LR  - 20230301
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 4
DP  - 2023 Feb 7
TI  - Physical-Layer Security with Irregular Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G 
      Networks.
LID - 10.3390/s23041881 [doi]
LID - 1881
AB  - The goal of 6G is to make far-reaching changes in communication systems with 
      stricter demands, such as high throughput, extremely low latency, stronger 
      security, and ubiquitous connectivity. Several promising techniques, such as 
      reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), have been introduced to achieve these 
      goals. An RIS is a 2D low-cost array of reflecting elements that can adjust the 
      electromagnetic properties of an incident signal. In this paper, we guarantee 
      secrecy by using an irregular RIS (IRIS). The main idea of an IRIS is to 
      irregularly activate reflecting elements for a given number of RIS elements. In 
      this work, we consider a communication scenario in which, with the aid of an 
      IRIS, a multi-antenna base station establishes a secure link with a legitimate 
      single-antenna user in the presence of a single-antenna eavesdropper. To this 
      end, we formulate a topology-and-precoding optimization problem to maximize the 
      secrecy rate. We then propose a Tabu search-based algorithm to jointly optimize 
      the RIS topology and the precoding design. Finally, we present simulation results 
      to validate the proposed algorithm, which highlights the performance gain of the 
      IRIS in improving secure transmissions compared to an RIS. Our results show that 
      exploiting an IRIS can allow additional spatial diversity to be achieved, 
      resulting in secrecy performance improvement and overcoming the limitations of 
      conventional RIS-assisted systems (e.g., a large number of active elements).
FAU - Frimpong, Emmanuel Obeng
AU  - Frimpong EO
AD  - Department of Intelligence Media Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 
      34158, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Oh, Bong-Hwan
AU  - Oh BH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6114-6340
AD  - School of Internet of Things, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, No. 111, 
      Taicang Avenue, Taicang, Suzhou 215488, China.
FAU - Kim, Taehoon
AU  - Kim T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9353-118X
AD  - Department of Computer Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, 
      Republic of Korea.
FAU - Bang, Inkyu
AU  - Bang I
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7109-1999
AD  - Department of Intelligence Media Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 
      34158, Republic of Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230207
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC9962716
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 6G
OT  - optimization
OT  - physical-layer security
OT  - reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
OT  - secrecy rate
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/03/01 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/01 06:01
PMCR- 2023/02/07
CRDT- 2023/02/28 01:16
PHST- 2023/01/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/02/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/02/28 01:16 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/03/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/01 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s23041881 [pii]
AID - sensors-23-01881 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s23041881 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2023 Feb 7;23(4):1881. doi: 10.3390/s23041881.