PMID- 36863626
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230320
LR  - 20240503
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 323
DP  - 2023 May
TI  - Synergy of silica sand and waste plastics as thermoplastic composites on abrasive 
      wear characteristics under conditions of different loads and sliding speeds.
PG  - 138233
LID - S0045-6535(23)00500-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138233 [doi]
AB  - The diverse nature of polymers with attractive properties has replaced the 
      conventional materials with polymeric composites. The present study was sought to 
      evaluate the wear performance of thermoplastic-based composites under the 
      conditions of different loads and sliding speeds. In the present study, nine 
      different composites were developed by using low-density polyethylene (LDPE), 
      high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with 
      partial sand replacements i.e., 0, 30, 40, and 50 wt%. The abrasive wear was 
      evaluated as per the ASTM G65 standard test for abrasive wear through a dry-sand 
      rubber wheel apparatus under the applied loads of 34.335, 56.898, 68.719, 79.461 
      and 90.742 (N) and sliding speeds of 0.5388, 0.7184, 0.8980, 1.0776 and 1.4369 
      (m/s). The optimum density and compressive strength were obtained to be 
      2.0555 g/cm(3) and 46.20 N/mm(2), respectively for the composites HDPE60 and 
      HDPE50 respectively. The minimum value of abrasive wear were found to 0.02498, 
      0.03430, 0.03095, 0.09020 and 0.03267 (cm(3)) under the considered loads of 
      34.335, 56.898, 68.719, 79.461 and 90.742 (N), respectively. Moreover, the 
      composites LDPE50, LDPE100, LDPE100, LDPE50PET20 and LDPE60 showed a minimum 
      abrasive wear of 0.03267, 0.05949, 0.05949, 0.03095 and 0.10292 at the sliding 
      speeds of 0.5388, 0.7184, 0.8980, 1.0776 and 1.4369 (m/s), respectively. The wear 
      response varied non-linearly with the conditions of loads and sliding speeds. 
      Micro-cutting, plastic deformations, fiber peelings, etc. were included as the 
      possible wear mechanism. The possible correlations between wear and mechanical 
      properties, and throughout discussions for wear behaviors through the 
      morphological analyses of the worn-out surfaces were provided.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Soni, Ashish
AU  - Soni A
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, 
      Tripura, 799046, India.
FAU - Das, Pankaj Kumar
AU  - Das PK
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, 
      Tripura, 799046, India.
FAU - Yusuf, Mohammad
AU  - Yusuf M
AD  - Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri 
      Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia; Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti 
      Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia. Electronic 
      address: yusufshaikh.amu@gmail.com.
FAU - Ridha, Syahrir
AU  - Ridha S
AD  - Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri 
      Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia; Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti 
      Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia.
FAU - Kamyab, Hesam
AU  - Kamyab H
AD  - Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and 
      Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College 
      and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 
      077, India; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti 
      Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Alam, Mohammad Azad
AU  - Alam MA
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri 
      Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia.
FAU - Masood, Faisal
AU  - Masood F
AD  - Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi 
      PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
FAU - Chelliapan, Shreeshivadasan
AU  - Chelliapan S
AD  - Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universiti 
      Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, 54100, Malaysia.
FAU - Ubaidullah, Mohd
AU  - Ubaidullah M
AD  - Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 
      Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: mtayyab@ksu.edu.sa.
FAU - Pandit, Bidhan
AU  - Pandit B
AD  - Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, 
      Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de La Universidad 30, 28911, Leganes, 
      Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Prakash, Chander
AU  - Prakash C
AD  - School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 
      Punjab, 144411, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230301
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Sand)
RN  - 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide)
RN  - 0 (Polymers)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
ECI - Chemosphere. 2024 May;356:142000. PMID: 38685643
MH  - *Plastics
MH  - *Sand
MH  - Silicon Dioxide
MH  - Materials Testing
MH  - Polymers
MH  - Polyethylene
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Characterizations
OT  - Polymeric composites
OT  - Three-body abrasion
OT  - Wear morphology
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/03/03 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/21 06:00
CRDT- 2023/03/02 19:27
PHST- 2022/11/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/02/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/02 19:27 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(23)00500-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138233 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2023 May;323:138233. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138233. Epub 
      2023 Mar 1.