PMID- 36867926
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230328
LR  - 20230328
IS  - 1873-1716 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-5877 (Linking)
VI  - 213
DP  - 2023 Apr
TI  - Risk factors associated with sow mortality in breeding herds under one production 
      system in the Midwestern United States.
PG  - 105883
LID - S0167-5877(23)00047-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105883 [doi]
AB  - Sow mortality has significantly increased throughout the world over the past 
      several years, and it is a growing concern to the global swine industry. Sow 
      mortality increases economic losses, including higher replacement rates, affects 
      employees' morale, and raises concerns about animal well-being and 
      sustainability. This study aimed to assess herd-level risk factors associated 
      with sow mortality in a large swine production system in the Midwestern United 
      States. This retrospective observational study used available production, health, 
      nutritional, and management information between July 2019 and December 2021. A 
      Poisson mixed regression model was used to identify the risk factors and to build 
      a multivariate model using the weekly mortality rate per 1000 sows as the 
      outcome. Different models were used to identify the risk factors according to 
      this study's main reasons for sow mortality (total death, sudden death, lameness, 
      and prolapse). The main reported causes of sow mortality were sudden death (31.22 
      %), lameness (28.78 %), prolapse (28.02 %), and other causes (11.99 %). The 
      median (25th-75th percentile) distribution of the crude sow mortality rate/1000 
      sows was 3.37 (2.19 - 4.16). Breeding herds classified as epidemic for porcine 
      reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were associated with higher 
      total death, sudden death, and lameness death. Open pen gestation was associated 
      with a higher total death and lameness compared with stalls. Pulses of feed 
      medication was associated with lower sow mortality rate for all outcomes. Farms 
      not performing bump feeding were associated with higher sow mortality due to 
      lameness and prolapses, while Senecavirus A (SVA)-positive herds were associated 
      with a higher mortality rate for total deaths and deaths due to lameness. Disease 
      interactions (herds Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae positive and epidemic for PRRSV; SVA 
      positive herds and epidemic for PRRSV) were associated with higher mortality 
      rates compared to farms with single disease status. This study identified and 
      measured the major risk factors associated with total sow mortality rate, sudden 
      deaths, lameness deaths, and prolapse deaths in breeding herds under field 
      conditions.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Paiva, Rodrigo C
AU  - Paiva RC
AD  - Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, USA.
FAU - Moura, Cesar A
AU  - Moura CA
AD  - Iowa Select Farm Inc, Iowa Falls, IA, USA.
FAU - Thomas, Pete
AU  - Thomas P
AD  - Iowa Select Farm Inc, Iowa Falls, IA, USA.
FAU - Haberl, Ben
AU  - Haberl B
AD  - Iowa Select Farm Inc, Iowa Falls, IA, USA.
FAU - Greiner, Laura
AU  - Greiner L
AD  - Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
FAU - Rademacher, Christopher J
AU  - Rademacher CJ
AD  - Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, USA.
FAU - Silva, Ana Paula S P
AU  - Silva APSP
AD  - Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, USA.
FAU - Trevisan, Giovani
AU  - Trevisan G
AD  - Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, USA.
FAU - Linhares, Daniel C L
AU  - Linhares DCL
AD  - Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, USA.
FAU - Silva, Gustavo S
AU  - Silva GS
AD  - Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames, IA, USA. Electronic address: gustavos@iastate.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study, Veterinary
DEP - 20230224
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Prev Vet Med
JT  - Preventive veterinary medicine
JID - 8217463
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Female
MH  - Lameness, Animal
MH  - Midwestern United States/epidemiology
MH  - *Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Swine
MH  - *Swine Diseases/epidemiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Breeding herds
OT  - Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
OT  - PRRSV
OT  - Risk factors
OT  - Sow mortality
OT  - Swine
COIS- Conflict of Interest All authors declare no conflict of interests.
EDAT- 2023/03/04 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/28 06:00
CRDT- 2023/03/03 18:05
PHST- 2022/10/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/02/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/03 18:05 [entrez]
AID - S0167-5877(23)00047-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105883 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Prev Vet Med. 2023 Apr;213:105883. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105883. Epub 
      2023 Feb 24.