PMID- 36871640
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230322
LR  - 20230412
IS  - 1095-953X (Electronic)
IS  - 0969-9961 (Linking)
VI  - 179
DP  - 2023 Apr
TI  - Immune regulation in neurovascular units after traumatic brain injury.
PG  - 106060
LID - S0969-9961(23)00074-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106060 [doi]
AB  - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. 
      Survivors may experience movement disorders, memory loss, and cognitive deficits. 
      However, there is a lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI-mediated 
      neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The immune regulation process of TBI 
      involves changes in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) immunity, and 
      intracranial blood vessels are essential communication centers. The neurovascular 
      unit (NVU) is responsible for coupling blood flow with brain activity, and 
      comprises endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocyte end-feet, and vast regulatory 
      nerve terminals. A stable NVU is the basis for normal brain function. The concept 
      of the NVU emphasizes that cell-cell interactions between different types of 
      cells are essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. Previous studies have 
      explored the effects of immune system changes after TBI. The NVU can help us 
      further understand the immune regulation process. Herein, we enumerate the 
      paradoxes of primary immune activation and chronic immunosuppression. We describe 
      the changes in immune cells, cytokines/chemokines, and neuroinflammation after 
      TBI. The post-immunomodulatory changes in NVU components are discussed, and 
      research exploring immune changes in the NVU pattern is also described. Finally, 
      we summarize immune regulation therapies and drugs after TBI. Therapies and drugs 
      that focus on immune regulation have shown great potential for neuroprotection. 
      These findings will help us further understand the pathological processes after 
      TBI.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Wang, Zongqi
AU  - Wang Z
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First 
      Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 
      Province 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 
      Jiangsu Province 215006, China.
FAU - Chen, Gang
AU  - Chen G
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First 
      Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 
      Province 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 
      Jiangsu Province 215006, China. Electronic address: sz_neurosurgery@163.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20230305
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurobiol Dis
JT  - Neurobiology of disease
JID - 9500169
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Endothelial Cells/pathology
MH  - Neuroinflammatory Diseases
MH  - *Brain Injuries, Traumatic
MH  - Brain/pathology
MH  - Central Nervous System/pathology
MH  - Blood-Brain Barrier/pathology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Immune activation
OT  - Immune regulation
OT  - Immune suppression
OT  - Immune therapy
OT  - Neurovascular units
OT  - Traumatic brain injury
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts 
      of interest.
EDAT- 2023/03/06 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/23 06:00
CRDT- 2023/03/05 19:29
PHST- 2022/12/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/02/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/05 19:29 [entrez]
AID - S0969-9961(23)00074-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106060 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurobiol Dis. 2023 Apr;179:106060. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106060. Epub 2023 Mar 
      5.