PMID- 36890807 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230310 IS - 2405-8440 (Print) IS - 2405-8440 (Electronic) IS - 2405-8440 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 3 DP - 2023 Mar TI - Olfactory impairment in COVID-19: Two methods for the assessment of olfactory function. PG - e14104 LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14104 [doi] LID - e14104 AB - BACKGROUND: Olfactory impairment is a major symptom of COVID-19. Is it necessary for COVID-19 patients to perform the detection of olfactory function, even how to select the olfactory psychophysical assessment tool. METHODS: Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant were firstly taken into three categories (mild, moderate, and severe) according to the clinical classification. The Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese (OSIT-J) and the Simple Olfactory Test were used to assess olfactory function. Moreover, these patients were divided into three groups based on the results of the olfactory degree (euosmia, hyposmia, and dysosmia), too. The statistical analysis of the correlations between olfaction and clinical characteristics of patients were performed. RESULTS: Our study demonstrated that the elderly men of Han were more susceptible to infected SARS-CoV-2, the clinical symptoms of the COVID-19 patients showed a clear correspondence with the disease type and the degree of olfactory disturbance. Whether or not to vaccinate and whether to complete the whole course of vaccination was closely related to the patient's condition. OSIT-J Test and Simple Test were consistent in our work, indicating that olfactory grading would worsen with the aggravation of symptoms. Furthermore, the OSIT-J method maybe better than Simple Olfactory Test. CONCLUSION: The vaccination has an important protective effect on the general population, and vaccination should be vigorously promoted. Moreover, it is necessary for COVID-19 patients to perform the detection of olfactory function, and the easier, faster and less expensive method for determination of olfactory function should be utilized to COVID-19 patients as the vital physical examination. CI - (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. FAU - Tao, Anzhou AU - Tao A AD - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Dehong People's Hospital), Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China. AD - Ruili Traditional Chinese and Dai Medicine Hospital (A Designated Hospital for COVID-19 Patients), Ruili 678600, Yunnan Province, China. FAU - Shi, Leyang AU - Shi L AD - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Dehong People's Hospital), Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China. AD - Ruili Traditional Chinese and Dai Medicine Hospital (A Designated Hospital for COVID-19 Patients), Ruili 678600, Yunnan Province, China. FAU - Wang, Yuan AU - Wang Y AD - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Dehong People's Hospital), Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China. AD - Ruili Traditional Chinese and Dai Medicine Hospital (A Designated Hospital for COVID-19 Patients), Ruili 678600, Yunnan Province, China. FAU - Duo, Zefen AU - Duo Z AD - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Dehong People's Hospital), Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China. AD - Ruili Traditional Chinese and Dai Medicine Hospital (A Designated Hospital for COVID-19 Patients), Ruili 678600, Yunnan Province, China. FAU - Zhao, Xianglian AU - Zhao X AD - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Dehong People's Hospital), Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China. AD - Ruili Traditional Chinese and Dai Medicine Hospital (A Designated Hospital for COVID-19 Patients), Ruili 678600, Yunnan Province, China. FAU - Mao, Haiting AU - Mao H AD - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Dehong People's Hospital), Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China. AD - Ruili Traditional Chinese and Dai Medicine Hospital (A Designated Hospital for COVID-19 Patients), Ruili 678600, Yunnan Province, China. FAU - Guo, Jingxin AU - Guo J AD - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Dehong People's Hospital), Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China. AD - Ruili Traditional Chinese and Dai Medicine Hospital (A Designated Hospital for COVID-19 Patients), Ruili 678600, Yunnan Province, China. FAU - Lei, Jia AU - Lei J AD - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Dehong People's Hospital), Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China. AD - Ruili Traditional Chinese and Dai Medicine Hospital (A Designated Hospital for COVID-19 Patients), Ruili 678600, Yunnan Province, China. FAU - Bao, Yingsheng AU - Bao Y AD - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Dehong People's Hospital), Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China. AD - Ruili Traditional Chinese and Dai Medicine Hospital (A Designated Hospital for COVID-19 Patients), Ruili 678600, Yunnan Province, China. FAU - Chen, Geng AU - Chen G AD - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Dehong People's Hospital), Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China. AD - Ruili Traditional Chinese and Dai Medicine Hospital (A Designated Hospital for COVID-19 Patients), Ruili 678600, Yunnan Province, China. FAU - Cao, Xianbao AU - Cao X AD - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China. FAU - Zhang, Jinqian AU - Zhang J AD - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230302 PL - England TA - Heliyon JT - Heliyon JID - 101672560 PMC - PMC9979703 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COVID-19 OT - Coronavirus OT - Olfactory impairment OT - Physical examination OT - SARS-CoV-2 COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2023/03/10 06:00 MHDA- 2023/03/10 06:01 PMCR- 2023/03/02 CRDT- 2023/03/09 02:04 PHST- 2022/08/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/02/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/02/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/03/09 02:04 [entrez] PHST- 2023/03/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/03/10 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2023/03/02 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S2405-8440(23)01311-7 [pii] AID - e14104 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14104 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Heliyon. 2023 Mar;9(3):e14104. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14104. Epub 2023 Mar 2.