PMID- 36897400
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230619
LR  - 20230619
IS  - 1439-6327 (Electronic)
IS  - 1439-6319 (Linking)
VI  - 123
IP  - 7
DP  - 2023 Jul
TI  - Carbohydrate intake before and during high intensity exercise with reduced muscle 
      glycogen availability affects the speed of muscle reoxygenation and performance.
PG  - 1479-1494
LID - 10.1007/s00421-023-05162-y [doi]
AB  - Muscle glycogen state and carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation before and during 
      exercise may impact responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This 
      study determined cardiorespiratory, substrate metabolism, muscle oxygenation, and 
      performance when completing HIIT with or without CHO supplementation in a muscle 
      glycogen depleted state. On two occasions, in a cross-over design, eight male 
      cyclists performed a glycogen depletion protocol prior to HIIT during which 
      either a 6% CHO drink (60 g.hr(-1)) or placebo (%CHO, PLA) was consumed. HIIT 
      consisted of 5 x 2 min at 80% peak power output (PPO), 3 x 10-min bouts of 
      steady-state (SS) cycling (50, 55, 60% PPO), and a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test. 
      There was no difference in SS [Formula: see text], HR, substrate oxidation and 
      gross efficiency (GE %) between CHO and PLA conditions. A faster rate of muscle 
      reoxygenation (%. s(-1)) existed in PLA after the 1st (Delta - 0.23 +/- 0.22, d = 0.58, 
      P < 0.05) and 3rd HIIT intervals (Delta - 0.34 +/- 0.25, d = 1.02, P < 0.05). TTE was 
      greater in CHO (7.1 +/- 5.4 min) than PLA (2.5 +/- 2.3 min, d = 0.98, P < 0.05). CHO 
      consumption before and during exercise under reduced muscle glycogen conditions 
      did not suppress fat oxidation, suggesting a strong regulatory role of muscle 
      glycogen on substrate metabolism. However, CHO ingestion provided a performance 
      benefit under intense exercise conditions commenced with reduced muscle glycogen. 
      More research is needed to understand the significance of altered muscle 
      oxygenation patterns during exercise.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 
      part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Ramonas, Andrius
AU  - Ramonas A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0381-7994
AD  - School of Sports and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Sports 
      Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, PO Box 
      92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. aramonas@aut.ac.nz.
FAU - Laursen, Paul B
AU  - Laursen PB
AD  - School of Sports and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Sports 
      Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, PO Box 
      92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
FAU - Williden, Micalla
AU  - Williden M
AD  - School of Sports and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Sports 
      Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, PO Box 
      92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
FAU - Chang, Wee-Leong
AU  - Chang WL
AD  - Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Kilding, Andrew E
AU  - Kilding AE
AD  - School of Sports and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Sports 
      Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, PO Box 
      92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230310
PL  - Germany
TA  - Eur J Appl Physiol
JT  - European journal of applied physiology
JID - 100954790
RN  - 9005-79-2 (Glycogen)
RN  - 0 (Polyesters)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
MH  - *Physical Endurance/physiology
MH  - Exercise/physiology
MH  - Glycogen/metabolism
MH  - Polyesters
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Endurance exercise
OT  - Fat oxidation
OT  - Low glycogen availability
OT  - Muscle glycogen
OT  - Muscle oxygenation
EDAT- 2023/03/11 06:00
MHDA- 2023/06/19 13:08
CRDT- 2023/03/10 11:15
PHST- 2022/03/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/06/19 13:08 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/10 11:15 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00421-023-05162-y [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00421-023-05162-y [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Appl Physiol. 2023 Jul;123(7):1479-1494. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05162-y. 
      Epub 2023 Mar 10.