PMID- 36921655
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230410
LR  - 20230410
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 325
DP  - 2023 May 15
TI  - Benchmarking biochar with activated carbon for immobilizing leachable PAH and 
      heterocyclic PAH in contaminated soils.
PG  - 121417
LID - S0269-7491(23)00419-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121417 [doi]
AB  - Remediation of residually contaminated soils remains a widespread problem. 
      Biochar can immobilize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). However, studies 
      on its ability to immobilize PAH and N, S, and O substituted PAH (hetero-PAH) in 
      real soils, and benchmarking with commercial activated carbon are missing. Here, 
      we compared the ability of pristine biochar (BC), steam-activated biochar (SABC), 
      and commercial activated carbon (AC) to immobilize PAH and hetero-PAH. The three 
      carbons were tested on soils from four different contaminated sites in Austria. 
      Different amendment rates (w/w) of the carbons were investigated (BC: 1.0, 2.5, 
      and 5%; SABC: 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%; AC: 1%) in batch experiments to cover 
      meaningful ranges in relation to their performance. SABC performed better than 
      AC, removing at least 80% PAH with the lowest application rate of 0.5%, and 
      achieving a complete removal at an application rate of 1.0%. BC performed 
      slightly worse but still acceptable in residually contaminated soils (40 and 100% 
      removal at 1 and 5% amendment, respectively). The ability of BC and SABC to 
      immobilize PAH decreased as the PAH-molar volume increased. PAH with three or 
      more rings were preferentially removed by AC compared to SABC or BC. This can be 
      explained by the difference in pore size distribution of the carbons which could 
      limit the accessibility of PAH and hetero-PAH to reach sorption sites for pi- pi 
      electron donor-acceptor interactions, which drive PAH and hetero-PAH sorption to 
      carbons. Column percolation tests confirmed the results obtained in batch tests, 
      indicating, that decisions for soil remediation can be derived from simpler batch 
      experiments. In soil samples with 1% BC, a reduction of over 90% in the total 
      concentration of PAH in the leached water was observed. Overall, BC and SABC were 
      demonstrated to be valid substitutes for AC for stabilizing residually 
      contaminated soils.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Carlini, Carlotta
AU  - Carlini C
AD  - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, 
      Italy; Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and 
      Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubeck-Platz 2, 
      1090, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Chaudhuri, Sampriti
AU  - Chaudhuri S
AD  - Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and 
      Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubeck-Platz 2, 
      1090, Vienna, Austria; Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, 
      University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubeck-Platz 2, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
FAU - Mann, Oliver
AU  - Mann O
AD  - ESW Consulting Wruss, Rosasgasse 25-27, 1120, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Tomsik, Daniel
AU  - Tomsik D
AD  - ESW Consulting Wruss, Rosasgasse 25-27, 1120, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Huffer, Thorsten
AU  - Huffer T
AD  - Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and 
      Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubeck-Platz 2, 
      1090, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Greggio, Nicolas
AU  - Greggio N
AD  - Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, BIGeA, 
      Universita di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
FAU - Marazza, Diego
AU  - Marazza D
AD  - Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, 
      Italy.
FAU - Hofmann, Thilo
AU  - Hofmann T
AD  - Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and 
      Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubeck-Platz 2, 
      1090, Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Sigmund, Gabriel
AU  - Sigmund G
AD  - Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and 
      Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubeck-Platz 2, 
      1090, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: gabriel.sigmund@univie.ac.at.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230313
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
RN  - 0 (biochar)
RN  - 16291-96-6 (Charcoal)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis
MH  - Charcoal
MH  - Benchmarking
MH  - *Soil Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Soil
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adsorption
OT  - Carbonaceous material
OT  - Immobilization
OT  - Soil remediation
OT  - polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbon
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/03/16 06:00
MHDA- 2023/04/10 06:42
CRDT- 2023/03/15 20:25
PHST- 2022/12/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/03/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/04/10 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/15 20:25 [entrez]
AID - S0269-7491(23)00419-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121417 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2023 May 15;325:121417. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121417. Epub 
      2023 Mar 13.