PMID- 36936550
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230327
LR  - 20230327
IS  - 1178-2048 (Electronic)
IS  - 1176-6344 (Print)
IS  - 1176-6344 (Linking)
VI  - 19
DP  - 2023
TI  - Ascorbic Acid vs Calcitriol in Influencing Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, 
      Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, as Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: In 
      Vivo Study in Atherosclerosis Rat Model.
PG  - 139-144
LID - 10.2147/VHRM.S401521 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Ascorbic acid and calcitriol were frequently utilized in 
      conjunction as therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and individuals with minor 
      symptoms had notable improvements. There have been a few studies, often with 
      conflicting findings, that examine the use of them for endothelium restoration 
      and numerous clinical trial studies that failed to establish the efficacy. The 
      aim of this study was to find the efficacy of ascorbic acid compared to 
      calcitriol on the inflammatory markers monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 
      (MCP-1), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as protective agents 
      which play an important role in the early stages of atherosclerosis formation. 
      This study was an experimental in vivo study. METHODS: The total of 24 male 
      Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, namely: 
      control/normal group (N), atherosclerosis group (DL) given atherogenic diet, 
      atherosclerosis group given atherogenic diet and ascorbic acid (DLC), and 
      atherosclerosis group given atherogenic diet and calcitriol (DLD) treatment for 
      30 days. RESULTS: Ascorbic acid and calcitriol treatment was significantly 
      effective (P<0.05) in lowering expression of MCP-1 and increasing NO and SOD 
      level. Calcitriol was superior to ascorbic acid in increasing SOD (P<0.05). There 
      was no significant difference between ascorbic acid and calcitriol in decreasing 
      MCP-1 and increasing NO (P>0.05). DISCUSSION: Both treatments could reduce MCP-1, 
      and increase NO and SOD by increasing antioxidants. In this study calcitriol was 
      superior to ascorbic acid in increasing SOD, but not NO and decreasing MCP-1. 
      According to the theory, it was found that calcitriol through nuclear factor 
      erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) causes a direct increase in the amount of 
      SOD. Nrf2 is an emerging regulator of cellular resistance to oxidants. 
      CONCLUSION: Ascorbic acid and calcitriol treatment was able to reduce MCP-1 and 
      increase NO and SOD in atherosclerosis rat. Calcitriol was significantly superior 
      in increasing SOD levels compared to ascorbic acid.
CI  - (c) 2023 Heriansyah et al.
FAU - Heriansyah, Teuku
AU  - Heriansyah T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0363-1997
AD  - Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas 
      Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.
FAU - Dimiati, Herlina
AU  - Dimiati H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3553-2301
AD  - Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas 
      Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.
FAU - Hadi, Tjut Farahiya
AU  - Hadi TF
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2199-7757
AD  - Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas 
      Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.
FAU - Umara, Dimas Arya
AU  - Umara DA
AD  - Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas 
      Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.
FAU - Riandi, Lian Varis
AU  - Riandi LV
AD  - Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah 
      Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.
FAU - Fajri, Fauzan
AU  - Fajri F
AD  - Department of Animal Model, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah 
      Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.
FAU - Santosa, Sukmawan Fajar
AU  - Santosa SF
AD  - Integrated Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah 
      Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.
FAU - Wihastuti, Titin Andri
AU  - Wihastuti TA
AD  - Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, 
      Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.
FAU - Kumboyono, Kumboyono
AU  - Kumboyono K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2124-8673
AD  - Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 
      Indonesia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230312
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Vasc Health Risk Manag
JT  - Vascular health and risk management
JID - 101273479
RN  - PQ6CK8PD0R (Ascorbic Acid)
RN  - FXC9231JVH (Calcitriol)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL2)
RN  - 0 (NF-E2-Related Factor 2)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Male
MH  - Rats
MH  - *Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology
MH  - *Atherosclerosis/drug therapy/prevention & control
MH  - *Calcitriol/pharmacology
MH  - Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
MH  - NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
MH  - Nitric Oxide
MH  - Oxidative Stress
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Superoxide Dismutase
PMC - PMC10019521
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ascorbic acid
OT  - atherosclerosis
OT  - calcitriol
OT  - monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
OT  - nitric oxide
OT  - superoxide dismutase
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work.
EDAT- 2023/03/21 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/22 06:00
PMCR- 2023/03/12
CRDT- 2023/03/20 03:49
PHST- 2022/12/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/20 03:49 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/03/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 401521 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/VHRM.S401521 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2023 Mar 12;19:139-144. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S401521. 
      eCollection 2023.