PMID- 36950599
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230324
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 3
DP  - 2023 Mar
TI  - Anti-PD-(L)1 therapy of non-small cell lung cancer-A summary of clinical trials 
      and current progresses.
PG  - e14566
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14566 [doi]
LID - e14566
AB  - BACKGROUND: This review discusses the impact of mono or combination therapy of 
      immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 
      patients, comparing clinical outcomes and safety. Cancer subtype, tumor 
      mutational burden (TMB), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression state and T 
      cell infiltration (TIL) density are considered for interpretations. Besides, 
      current progresses in the field of immunotherapy are discussed. RESULTS: 
      Anti-PD-(L)1 is a safe and an effective strategy in patients with 
      advanced/metastatic NSCLC. Clinical responses to nivolumab and pembrolizumab, in 
      particular, are promising. The most desired clinical responses are for patients 
      receiving combination of anti-PD-(L)1 or anti-PD-(L)1/anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte 
      associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) with chemotherapy (taxane and platinum). PD-L1 
      expression state (PD-L1 >/= 50%), patient performance state (PS: 0-1 ECOG scale) 
      and effector T cell (Teff) immune signature considerably affect ICI responses. 
      Higher ICI responses are also expected in TMB (high) but EGFR(-)/ALK(-) cancer 
      patients. In regard with safety profile, adverse events (AEs) related to 
      anti-PD-(L)1 are lower compared with that for platinum-based and docetaxel 
      therapy. Toripalimab is the safest among various immunotherapy drugs. Bispecific 
      antibodies against anti-PD-(L)1 with dominant signaling or alternative 
      checkpoints in tumor microenvironment (TME) is the current focus in immunotherapy 
      of cancers like NSCLC. Besides, the contribution of extracellular vesicles (EVs) 
      to immune escape and their implication in cancer diagnosis and therapy is on the 
      eye of current investigations. CONCLUSION: Appropriate biomarker selection will 
      improve therapy outcomes in ICI treated NSCLC patients, particularly in cases 
      under combinatory ICI therapy. Application of bispecific antibodies and EV-based 
      targeted therapy are effective novel strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes 
      in cancer patients.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Authors.
FAU - Mortezaee, Keywan
AU  - Mortezaee K
AD  - Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
FAU - Majidpoor, Jamal
AU  - Majidpoor J
AD  - Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, 
      Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20230313
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC10025922
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adverse event (AE)
OT  - Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)
OT  - Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
OT  - Programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1)
OT  - Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)
EDAT- 2023/03/24 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/24 06:01
PMCR- 2023/03/13
CRDT- 2023/03/23 02:29
PHST- 2022/11/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/03/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/23 02:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/03/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(23)01773-5 [pii]
AID - e14566 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14566 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2023 Mar 13;9(3):e14566. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14566. eCollection 
      2023 Mar.