PMID- 36962669
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230327
IS  - 2767-3375 (Electronic)
IS  - 2767-3375 (Linking)
VI  - 2
IP  - 11
DP  - 2022
TI  - Variation in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and 
      adolescents by world region and country income group: A scoping review.
PG  - e0001099
LID - 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001099 [doi]
LID - e0001099
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Around 18.7 million of the 537 million people with diabetes 
      worldwide live in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC), where there is 
      also an increase in the number of children, adolescents, and young adults 
      diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D). There are substantial gaps in data in the 
      current understanding of the epidemiological patterns and trends in incidence 
      rates of T1D at the global level. METHODS: We performed a scoping review of 
      published studies that established the incidence of T1D in children, adolescents, 
      and young adults aged 0-25 years at national and sub-national levels using 
      PubMed, Embase and Global Health. Data was analyzed using R programming. RESULTS: 
      The scoping review identified 237 studies which included T1D incidence estimates 
      from 92 countries, revealing substantial variability in the annual incidence of 
      T1D by age, geographic region, and country-income classification. Highest rates 
      were reported in the 5-9 and 10-14 year age groups than in the 0-4 and 15-19 year 
      age groups, respectively. In the 0-14 year age group, the highest incidence was 
      reported in Northern Europe (23.96 per 100,000), Australia/New Zealand (22.8 per 
      100,000), and Northern America (18.02 per 100,000), while the lowest was observed 
      in Melanesia, Western Africa, and South America (all < 1 per 100,000). For the 
      0-19 year age group, the highest incidence was reported in Northern Europe (39.0 
      per 100,000), Northern America (20.07 per 100,000), and Northern Africa (10.1 per 
      100,000), while the lowest was observed in Eastern and Western Africa (< 2 per 
      100,000). Higher incidence rates were observed in high-income countries compared 
      to LMICs. There was a paucity of published studies focusing on determining the 
      incidence of T1D in LMICs. CONCLUSION: The review reveals substantial variability 
      in incidence rates of T1D by geographic region, country income group, and age. 
      There is a dearth of information on T1D in LMICs, particularly in sub-Saharan 
      Africa, where incidence remains largely unknown. Investment in population-based 
      registries and longitudinal cohort studies could help improve the current 
      understanding of the epidemiological trends and help inform health policy, 
      resource allocation, and targeted interventions to enhance access to effective, 
      efficient, equitable, and responsive healthcare services.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2022 Gomber et al. This is an open access article distributed under 
      the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted 
      use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author 
      and source are credited.
FAU - Gomber, Apoorva
AU  - Gomber A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9955-9917
AD  - Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public 
      Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
FAU - Ward, Zachary J
AU  - Ward ZJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4007-2207
AD  - Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical 
      School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
FAU - Ross, Carlo
AU  - Ross C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4226-8278
AD  - Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public 
      Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
AD  - Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 
      Massachusetts, United States of America.
FAU - Owais, Maira
AU  - Owais M
AD  - Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public 
      Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
AD  - Center for Health Decision, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 
      Massachusetts, United States of America.
FAU - Mita, Carol
AU  - Mita C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3059-1369
AD  - Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
FAU - Yeh, Jennifer M
AU  - Yeh JM
AD  - Department of Biology, Department of Economics, Amherst College, Amherst, 
      Massachusetts, United States of America.
FAU - Reddy, Che L
AU  - Reddy CL
AD  - Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public 
      Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
FAU - Atun, Rifat
AU  - Atun R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1531-5983
AD  - Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public 
      Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
AD  - Countway Library, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of 
      America.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221109
PL  - United States
TA  - PLOS Glob Public Health
JT  - PLOS global public health
JID - 9918283779606676
PMC - PMC10021400
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2023/03/25 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/25 06:01
PMCR- 2022/11/09
CRDT- 2023/03/24 18:12
PHST- 2022/05/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/10/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/24 18:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/03/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PGPH-D-22-00825 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001099 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLOS Glob Public Health. 2022 Nov 9;2(11):e0001099. doi: 
      10.1371/journal.pgph.0001099. eCollection 2022.