PMID- 36966861
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230515
LR  - 20230515
IS  - 1879-0003 (Electronic)
IS  - 0141-8130 (Linking)
VI  - 238
DP  - 2023 May 31
TI  - Innovative methodology for green synthesis of iridium nanoparticles of rod shapes 
      by reduction of iridium (IV) using sustainable pectin with formation of 
      keto-pectin derivatives.
PG  - 124156
LID - S0141-8130(23)01050-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124156 [doi]
AB  - A prospective novel technique has been developed for green synthesis of iridium 
      nanoparticles of rod shapes for the first time with simultaneous formation of 
      keto-derivative oxidation product with a yield of 98.3 %. This takes place by 
      reduction of hexacholoroiridate (IV) by using sustainable pectin as a powerful 
      reducing agent biomacromolecule in acidic media. The formation of nanoparticles 
      (IrNPS) was identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Transmission 
      electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron 
      microscope (SEM) investigations. The TEM morphology showed that the iridium 
      nanoparticles were of crystalline rod shapes on contrary to the spherical shapes 
      reported on all synthesized IrNPS earlier. The rates of nanoparticles growth were 
      followed kinetically using a conventional spectrophotometer. The kinetic 
      measurements revealed a unity order reaction in [IrCl(6)](2-) as oxidant and 
      fractional first-order in [PEC] as a reducing agent, respectively. A decrease in 
      the reaction rates was noticed with increasing the acid concentration. Kinetic 
      evidence reveals the creation of intermediate complex as transient species prior 
      to the slow step. Such complex formation may be facilitated by the participation 
      of one chloride ligand from [IrCl(6)](2-) oxidant forming a bridge between the 
      oxidant and reductant in such formed intermediate complex. Plausible reaction 
      mechanisms for electron transfer pathway routes consistent with the kinetics 
      observations were discussed.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hassan, Refat M
AU  - Hassan RM
AD  - Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt. 
      Electronic address: rmhassan2002@yahoo.com.
FAU - Ibrahim, Samia M
AU  - Ibrahim SM
AD  - Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharga 72511, 
      New Valley, Egypt.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230324
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int J Biol Macromol
JT  - International journal of biological macromolecules
JID - 7909578
RN  - 89NA02M4RX (Pectins)
RN  - 44448S9773 (Iridium)
RN  - 0 (Reducing Agents)
RN  - 0 (Oxidants)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Pectins/chemistry
MH  - Iridium/chemistry
MH  - *Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
MH  - Reducing Agents
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Oxidants
MH  - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
MH  - X-Ray Diffraction
MH  - Plant Extracts/chemistry
MH  - Green Chemistry Technology/methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Iridium (IV)
OT  - Nanoparticles
OT  - Pectin
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they are free of any 
      known financial conflicts of interest or close personal ties that might have 
      appeared to have an impact on the work reported in this manuscript.
EDAT- 2023/03/27 06:00
MHDA- 2023/05/15 06:42
CRDT- 2023/03/26 20:24
PHST- 2022/11/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/03/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/15 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/26 20:24 [entrez]
AID - S0141-8130(23)01050-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124156 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 May 31;238:124156. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124156. 
      Epub 2023 Mar 24.