PMID- 36978702 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230331 IS - 2306-5354 (Print) IS - 2306-5354 (Electronic) IS - 2306-5354 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 3 DP - 2023 Mar 1 TI - Investigating the Extracellular-Electron-Transfer Mechanisms and Kinetics of Shewanella decolorationis NTOU1 Reducing Graphene Oxide via Lactate Metabolism. LID - 10.3390/bioengineering10030311 [doi] LID - 311 AB - Microbial graphene oxide reduction is a developing method that serves to reduce both production costs and environmental impact in the synthesis of graphene. This study demonstrates microbial graphene oxide reduction using Shewanella decolorationis NTOU1 under neutral and mild conditions (pH = 7, 35 degrees C, and 1 atm). Graphene oxide (GO) prepared via the modified Hummers' method is used as the sole solid electron acceptor, and the characteristics of reduced GO (rGO) are investigated. According to electron microscopic images, the surface structure of GO was clearly changed from smooth to wrinkled after reduction, and whole cells were observed to be wrapped by GO/rGO films. Distinctive appendages on the cells, similar to nanowires or flagella, were also observed. With regard to chemical-bonding changes, after a 24-h reaction of 1 mg mL(-1), GO was reduced to rGO, the C/O increased from 1.4 to 3.0, and the oxygen-containing functional groups of rGO were significantly reduced. During the GO reduction process, the number of S. decolorationis NTOU1 cells decreased from 1.65 x 10(8) to 1.03 x 10(6) CFU mL(-1), indicating the bactericide effects of GO/rGO. In experiments adding consistent concentrations of initial bacteria and lactate, it was shown that with the increase of GO additions (0.5-5.0 mg mL(-1)), the first-order reaction rate constants (k) of lactate metabolism and acetate production increased accordingly; in experiments adding consistent concentrations of initial bacteria and GO but different lactate levels (1 to 10 mM), the k values of lactate metabolism did not change significantly. The test results of adding different electron transfer mediators showed that riboflavin and potassium ferricyanide were able to boost GO reduction, whereas 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and 2,6-dimethyl benzoquinone completely eliminated bacterial activity. FAU - Liou, Yu-Xuan AU - Liou YX AD - Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. FAU - Li, Shiue-Lin AU - Li SL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3883-6087 AD - Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. FAU - Hsieh, Kun-Yi AU - Hsieh KY AD - Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. FAU - Li, Sin-Jie AU - Li SJ AD - Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. FAU - Hu, Li-Jie AU - Hu LJ AD - Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. LA - eng GR - MOST 110-2221-E-029-018/Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230301 PL - Switzerland TA - Bioengineering (Basel) JT - Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101676056 PMC - PMC10045794 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Shewanella decolorationis NTOU1 OT - extracellular electron transfer OT - mediator addition OT - microbial graphene oxide reduction COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/03/30 06:00 MHDA- 2023/03/30 06:01 PMCR- 2023/03/01 CRDT- 2023/03/29 01:15 PHST- 2023/01/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/02/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/02/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/03/30 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2023/03/29 01:15 [entrez] PHST- 2023/03/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - bioengineering10030311 [pii] AID - bioengineering-10-00311 [pii] AID - 10.3390/bioengineering10030311 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 Mar 1;10(3):311. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10030311.