PMID- 36980057
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230331
IS  - 2227-9067 (Print)
IS  - 2227-9067 (Electronic)
IS  - 2227-9067 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 3
DP  - 2023 Mar 2
TI  - Adverse Childhood Experience as a Risk Factor for Developing Type 2 Diabetes 
      among the Jazan Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.
LID - 10.3390/children10030499 [doi]
LID - 499
AB  - BACKGROUND: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), such as childhood abuse, 
      neglect, and family dysfunction, prevent appropriate emotional, behavioral, and 
      physical development. They are also a major public health issue, and have been 
      debatably linked to chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 
      T2DM is highly prevalent in Saudi Arabia, and various theories have been raised 
      to explain the epidemiology of diabetes. However, few studies have discussed the 
      relationship between ACEs and T2DM. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association 
      between ACEs and T2DM in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This 
      observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated 
      questionnaire distributed among patients with T2DM in a diabetes center. The 
      t-test and Chi-Square test were used for comparison, and the p-value was set at 
      <0.05 for significance. RESULTS: A total of 579 participants were involved in 
      this study, and 303 (52.33%) were female. Among the included participants, 45.25% 
      were diagnosed with T2DM. About 28.71% of participants with diabetes experienced 
      verbal abuse, 16.09% experienced physical abuse, and 30.91% reported that parents 
      beat them. Additionally, 1.58% of participants with diabetes reported living with 
      a family member who abused substances, 8.83% believed that no one would take them 
      to the doctor even if essential, 12.62% of participants with diabetes felt that 
      no one would protect them, and 23.03% reported that they felt no one in their 
      family loved them. All reported ACEs were significantly associated with a high 
      risk of T2DM (p < 0.05), and the more frequent the ACEs, the more the risk of 
      T2DM (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that ACEs are significantly 
      associated with the development of T2DM, and the risk increases with the 
      frequency of ACEs, which aligns with other studies. Further national studies are 
      required to understand how ACEs could contribute to T2DM, and preventive 
      interventions in childhood must be considered to reduce the burden of T2DM.
FAU - Oraibi, Omar
AU  - Oraibi O
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4621-1113
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Ghalibi, Ali T
AU  - Ghalibi AT
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Shami, Mohammed O
AU  - Shami MO
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3190-0138
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Khawaji, Meshal J
AU  - Khawaji MJ
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Madkhali, Khalid A
AU  - Madkhali KA
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Yaseen, Abdulrahman M
AU  - Yaseen AM
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Hakami, Sultan M
AU  - Hakami SM
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alhazmi, Nirmin H
AU  - Alhazmi NH
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Mahla, Khulud H
AU  - Mahla KH
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Qumayri, Marwah A
AU  - Qumayri MA
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Majrashi, Khalid A
AU  - Majrashi KA
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Hummadi, Abdulrahman
AU  - Hummadi A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5294-4439
AD  - Jazan Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan 82722, Saudi 
      Arabia.
FAU - Madkhali, Mohammed A
AU  - Madkhali MA
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alhazmi, Abdulaziz H
AU  - Alhazmi AH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4260-6540
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
GR  - RUP2-06/Deanship of Scientific Research, Jazan University/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230302
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Children (Basel)
JT  - Children (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101648936
PMC - PMC10047776
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Saudi Arabia
OT  - abuse
OT  - adverse childhood experiences
OT  - child abuse
OT  - risk factors
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2023/03/30 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/30 06:01
PMCR- 2023/03/02
CRDT- 2023/03/29 01:22
PHST- 2023/02/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/03/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/30 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/29 01:22 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/03/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - children10030499 [pii]
AID - children-10-00499 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/children10030499 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Children (Basel). 2023 Mar 2;10(3):499. doi: 10.3390/children10030499.