PMID- 36981173
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230331
IS  - 2304-8158 (Print)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Electronic)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Mar 15
TI  - Dissipation of Four Typical Insecticides on Strawberries and Effects of Different 
      Household Washing Methods.
LID - 10.3390/foods12061248 [doi]
LID - 1248
AB  - The dissipation patterns of chlorfenapyr, cyenopyrafen, indoxacarb, and 
      spirotetramat on strawberries and the effects of different household washing 
      methods were investigated. A risk assessment was also conducted by monitoring the 
      insecticide residues detected. The concentrations ranged from 0.011 to 0.27 mg/kg 
      for chlorfenapyr, 0.064 to 0.99 mg/kg for cyenopyrafen, 0.042 to 0.53 mg/kg for 
      indoxacarb, and from 0.25 to 1.3 mg/kg for spirotetramat, which were all below 
      the maximum residue limits (MRLs) reported. Soaking the fruit in solution and 
      then rinsing with running water (B) led to better residue removal (40.9 +/- 23.7%) 
      than only soaking in solution (A) (24.7 +/- 22.5%). However, neither method 
      decreased chlorfenapyr concentrations, suggesting that the physical-chemical 
      properties of chlorfenapyr could also affect its removal on strawberries. 
      Regarding the different washing solutions in method B, 3% vinegar (removal 
      efficiency: 48.7%) and 3% salt (45.7%) were the most efficient, followed by 3% 
      green tea (38.9%), and tap water only (24.6%). Additionally, the estimated risk 
      quotients (RQs) for strawberry consumption for women were about 1.5 times higher 
      than those observed for men, but both were lower than 1, suggesting minimal risk 
      to humans.
FAU - Wang, Wenting
AU  - Wang W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0493-165X
AD  - Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 
      Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Song, Jong-Wook
AU  - Song JW
AD  - Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 
      Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Jeong, Seong-Hoon
AU  - Jeong SH
AD  - Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 
      Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Jung, Jung-Hoon
AU  - Jung JH
AD  - Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 
      Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Seo, Jong-Su
AU  - Seo JS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1595-1338
AD  - Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 
      Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Jong-Hwan
AU  - Kim JH
AD  - Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 
      Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea.
LA  - eng
GR  - PJ0136412020/Rural Development Administration/
GR  - KK-2309-02/Korea Institute of Toxicology/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230315
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Foods
JT  - Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101670569
PMC - PMC10048472
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - metabolites
OT  - pesticides
OT  - removal
OT  - risk assessment
OT  - washing methods
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/03/30 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/30 06:01
PMCR- 2023/03/15
CRDT- 2023/03/29 01:29
PHST- 2023/02/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/03/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/30 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/29 01:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/03/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - foods12061248 [pii]
AID - foods-12-01248 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/foods12061248 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Foods. 2023 Mar 15;12(6):1248. doi: 10.3390/foods12061248.