PMID- 36981618
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230330
LR  - 20231024
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Mar 7
TI  - Association between Periodontal Disease and Cognitive Impairment in Adults.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph20064707 [doi]
LID - 4707
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Periodontitis is a severe oral infection that can contribute to 
      systemic inflammation. A large body of evidence suggests a role for systemic 
      inflammation in the initiation of neurodegenerative disease. This systematic 
      review synthesized data from observational studies to investigate the association 
      between periodontitis and neuroinflammation in adults. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 
      systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to 
      Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) was performed for studies published 
      from the date of inception up to September 2021. Search terms for the exposure 
      "oral disease" and outcome "dementia", "neuroinflammation" and "cognitive 
      decline" were used. Study selection and data extraction were independently 
      undertaken by two reviewers. The final eligible articles were included only if 
      the exposure is periodontitis and the outcome is cognitive impairment or dementia 
      or a topic related to this condition, and if the study was conducted in an adult 
      population. The quality and risk of bias were assessed by Newcastle Ottawa Scale 
      (NOS). Qualitative synthesis was used to narratively synthesize the results. Six 
      cohort studies, three cross-sectional studies, and two case-control studies met 
      the inclusion criteria. These eleven studies were only narratively synthesized. 
      Meta-analysis was not performed due to the methodological heterogeneity of the 
      studies. RESULTS: The results of included studies show that chronic periodontitis 
      patients with at least eight years of exposure are at higher risk of developing 
      cognitive decline and dementia. Oral health measures such as gingival 
      inflammation, attachment loss, probing depth, bleeding on probing, and alveolar 
      bone loss are associated with cognitive impairment. The reduction of epidermal 
      growth factor (EGF), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 
      (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in addition to over 
      expression of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) are significant in patients suffering from 
      cognitive decline with pre-existing severe periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: All the 
      included studies show evidence of an association between periodontitis and 
      cognitive impairment or dementia and Alzheimer's disease pathology. Nonetheless, 
      the mechanisms responsible for the association between periodontitis and dementia 
      are still unclear and warrant further investigation.
FAU - Said-Sadier, Najwane
AU  - Said-Sadier N
AD  - College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab 
      Emirates.
FAU - Sayegh, Batoul
AU  - Sayegh B
AUID- ORCID: 0009-0009-6765-7457
AD  - Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon.
FAU - Farah, Raymond
AU  - Farah R
AD  - Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon.
FAU - Abbas, Linda Abou
AU  - Abbas LA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9185-3831
AD  - Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon.
AD  - INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Sante Publique, d'Epidemiologie Clinique et de 
      Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut 1103, Lebanon.
FAU - Dweik, Rania
AU  - Dweik R
AD  - College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab 
      Emirates.
FAU - Tang, Norina
AU  - Tang N
AD  - Department of Periodontics, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, 
      USA.
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San 
      Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
AD  - Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 
      94103, USA.
FAU - Ojcius, David M
AU  - Ojcius DM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1461-4495
AD  - Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 
      94103, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20230307
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB  - IM
CIN - Evid Based Dent. 2023 Sep;24(3):123-124. PMID: 37433922
MH  - Adult
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Neurodegenerative Diseases
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology
MH  - *Chronic Periodontitis
MH  - Inflammation
PMC - PMC10049038
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - antibodies
OT  - cognitive impairment
OT  - dementia
OT  - inflammatory biomarkers
OT  - oral pathogens
OT  - periodontitis
OT  - systematic review
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/03/30 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/30 06:11
PMCR- 2023/03/07
CRDT- 2023/03/29 01:31
PHST- 2022/12/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/02/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/30 06:11 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/29 01:31 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/03/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph20064707 [pii]
AID - ijerph-20-04707 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph20064707 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 7;20(6):4707. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph20064707.