PMID- 36982675
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230330
LR  - 20230331
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Mar 15
TI  - Phototoxic Potential of Different DNA Intercalators for Skin Cancer Therapy: In 
      Vitro Screening.
LID - 10.3390/ijms24065602 [doi]
LID - 5602
AB  - Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive procedure used in the treatment of 
      several diseases, including some types of cancer. It is based on photosensitizer 
      molecules, which, in the presence of oxygen and light, lead to the formation of 
      reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent cell death. The selection of the 
      photosensitizer molecule is important for the therapy efficiency; therefore, many 
      molecules such as dyes, natural products and metallic complexes have been 
      investigated regarding their photosensitizing potential. In this work, the 
      phototoxic potential of the DNA-intercalating molecules-the dyes methylene blue 
      (MB), acridine orange (AO) and gentian violet (GV); the natural products curcumin 
      (CUR), quercetin (QT) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG); and the chelating 
      compounds neocuproine (NEO), 1,10-phenanthroline (PHE) and 2,2'-bipyridyl 
      (BIPY)-were analyzed. The cytotoxicity of these chemicals was tested in vitro in 
      non-cancer keratinocytes (HaCaT) and squamous cell carcinoma (MET1) cell lines. A 
      phototoxicity assay and the detection of intracellular ROS were performed in MET1 
      cells. Results revealed that the IC(50) values of the dyes and curcumin in MET1 
      cells were lower than 30 microM, while the values for the natural products QT and 
      EGCG and the chelating agents BIPY and PHE were higher than 100 microM. The IC(50) of 
      MB and AO was greatly affected by irradiation when submitted to 640 nm and 457 nm 
      light sources, respectively. ROS detection was more evident for cells treated 
      with AO at low concentrations. In studies with the melanoma cell line WM983b, 
      cells were more resistant to MB and AO and presented slightly higher IC(50) 
      values, in line with the results of the phototoxicity assays. This study reveals 
      that many molecules can act as photosensitizers, but the effect depends on the 
      cell line and the concentration of the chemical. Finally, significant 
      photosensitizing activity of acridine orange at low concentrations and moderate 
      light doses was demonstrated.
FAU - Pivetta, Thais P
AU  - Pivetta TP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4801-3655
AD  - CEFITEC, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 
      Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
AD  - Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics 
      (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 
      Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
FAU - Vieira, Tania
AU  - Vieira T
AD  - CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Fisica, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, 
      Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
FAU - Silva, Jorge C
AU  - Silva JC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9959-4272
AD  - CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Fisica, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, 
      Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
FAU - Ribeiro, Paulo A
AU  - Ribeiro PA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9665-7610
AD  - Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics 
      (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 
      Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
FAU - Raposo, Maria
AU  - Raposo M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4710-0693
AD  - Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics 
      (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 
      Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
LA  - eng
GR  - PD/00193/2012/Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia/
GR  - UIDB/04378/2020/Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia/
GR  - UIDB/00068/2020/Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia/
GR  - UIDB/04559/2020/Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia/
GR  - UIDP/04559/2020/Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia/
GR  - UIDB/50025/2020/Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230315
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Photosensitizing Agents)
RN  - 0 (Intercalating Agents)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - IT942ZTH98 (Curcumin)
RN  - F30N4O6XVV (Acridine Orange)
RN  - 0 (Coloring Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry
MH  - Intercalating Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
MH  - *Curcumin/pharmacology
MH  - Acridine Orange
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Early Detection of Cancer
MH  - *Photochemotherapy/methods
MH  - *Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - *Dermatitis, Phototoxic/drug therapy
MH  - Coloring Agents
PMC - PMC10054552
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - photodynamic therapy
OT  - photosensitizer
OT  - reactive oxygen species
OT  - skin cancer
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/03/30 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/30 06:11
PMCR- 2023/03/15
CRDT- 2023/03/29 01:38
PHST- 2023/01/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/03/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/30 06:11 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/29 01:38 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/03/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms24065602 [pii]
AID - ijms-24-05602 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms24065602 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 15;24(6):5602. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065602.