PMID- 36986843
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230331
IS  - 1999-4923 (Print)
IS  - 1999-4923 (Electronic)
IS  - 1999-4923 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 3
DP  - 2023 Mar 18
TI  - The CRISPR/Cas9 System Delivered by Extracellular Vesicles.
LID - 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030984 [doi]
LID - 984
AB  - Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat 
      (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems can precisely manipulate DNA 
      sequences to change the characteristics of cells and organs, which has potential 
      in the mechanistic research on genes and the treatment of diseases. However, 
      clinical applications are restricted by the lack of safe, targeted and effective 
      delivery vectors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an attractive delivery 
      platform for CRISPR/Cas9. Compared with viral and other vectors, EVs present 
      several advantages, including safety, protection, capacity, penetrating ability, 
      targeting ability and potential for modification. Consequently, EVs are 
      profitably used to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo. In this review, the 
      advantages and disadvantages of the delivery form and vectors of the CRISPR/Cas9 
      are concluded. The favorable traits of EVs as vectors, such as the innate 
      characteristics, physiological and pathological functions, safety and targeting 
      ability of EVs, are summarized. Furthermore, in terms of the delivery of the 
      CRISPR/Cas9 by EVs, EV sources and isolation strategies, the delivery form and 
      loading methods of the CRISPR/Cas9 and applications have been concluded and 
      discussed. Finally, this review provides future directions of EVs as vectors of 
      the CRISPR/Cas9 system in clinical applications, such as the safety, capacity, 
      consistent quality, yield and targeting ability of EVs.
FAU - Zhu, Xinglong
AU  - Zhu X
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2537-731X
AD  - Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institute of Clinical 
      Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
FAU - Gao, Mengyu
AU  - Gao M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0269-9727
AD  - Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institute of Clinical 
      Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
FAU - Yang, Yongfeng
AU  - Yang Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8109-9801
AD  - Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 
      610041, China.
AD  - Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 
      Chengdu 610041, China.
FAU - Li, Weimin
AU  - Li W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0985-0311
AD  - Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 
      610041, China.
AD  - Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 
      Chengdu 610041, China.
AD  - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, 
      Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
FAU - Bao, Ji
AU  - Bao J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8413-3270
AD  - Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Institute of Clinical 
      Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
FAU - Li, Yi
AU  - Li Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8661-4617
AD  - Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 
      610041, China.
AD  - Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 
      Chengdu 610041, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 81900574/National Natural Scientific Foundations of China/
GR  - 82200078/National Natural Scientific Foundations of China/
GR  - 2018HXBH041/Post-Doctor Research Project, West China Hospital, Sichuan 
      University, Grant/Award/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20230318
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Pharmaceutics
JT  - Pharmaceutics
JID - 101534003
PMC - PMC10053467
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CRISPR/Cas9
OT  - biomedical applications
OT  - delivery
OT  - extracellular vesicles
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2023/03/30 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/30 06:01
PMCR- 2023/03/18
CRDT- 2023/03/29 02:03
PHST- 2023/02/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/03/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/30 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/29 02:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/03/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - pharmaceutics15030984 [pii]
AID - pharmaceutics-15-00984 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030984 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pharmaceutics. 2023 Mar 18;15(3):984. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030984.