PMID- 36987113
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230331
IS  - 2073-4360 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4360 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Mar 7
TI  - Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing with Polyethylene Vitrimers.
LID - 10.3390/polym15061332 [doi]
LID - 1332
AB  - Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most widely used polymers in conventional polymer 
      manufacturing processes. However, it remains a challenge to use PE in 
      extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM). Some of the challenges that this 
      material presents include low self-adhesion and shrinkage during the printing 
      process. These two issues lead to higher mechanical anisotropy when compared to 
      other materials, along with poor dimensional accuracy and warpage. Vitrimers are 
      a new class of polymers that have a dynamic crosslinked network, allowing the 
      material to be healed and reprocessed. Prior studies on polyolefin vitrimers 
      suggest that the crosslinks reduce the degree of crystallinity and increase the 
      dimensional stability at elevated temperatures. In this study, high-density 
      polyethylene (HDPE) and HDPE vitrimers (HDPE-V) were successfully processed using 
      a screw-assisted 3D printer. It was demonstrated that HDPE-V were able to reduce 
      shrinkage during the printing process. This shows that 3D printing with HDPE-V 
      will provide better dimensional stability when compared to regular HDPE. 
      Furthermore, after an annealing process, 3D-printed HDPE-V samples showed a 
      decrease in mechanical anisotropy. This annealing process was only possible in 
      HDPE-V due to their superior dimensional stability at elevated temperatures, with 
      minimal deformation above melting temperature.
FAU - Montoya-Ospina, Maria Camila
AU  - Montoya-Ospina MC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4963-8975
AD  - Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of 
      Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
FAU - Zeng, Jiachen
AU  - Zeng J
AD  - Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of 
      Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
FAU - Tan, Xiao
AU  - Tan X
AD  - Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of 
      Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
FAU - Osswald, Tim A
AU  - Osswald TA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0243-0966
AD  - Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of 
      Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230307
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Polymers (Basel)
JT  - Polymers
JID - 101545357
PMC - PMC10058395
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 3D printing
OT  - additive manufacturing
OT  - anisotropy
OT  - annealing
OT  - material extrusion
OT  - polyethylene
OT  - vitrimers
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2023/03/30 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/30 06:01
PMCR- 2023/03/07
CRDT- 2023/03/29 02:05
PHST- 2023/02/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/03/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/30 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/03/29 02:05 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/03/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - polym15061332 [pii]
AID - polymers-15-01332 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/polym15061332 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Polymers (Basel). 2023 Mar 7;15(6):1332. doi: 10.3390/polym15061332.