PMID- 37002686
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20230515
IS  - 1479-487X (Electronic)
IS  - 0959-3330 (Linking)
DP  - 2023 Apr 26
TI  - Remediation of soils contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons through soil 
      washing with surfactant solutions.
PG  - 1-14
LID - 10.1080/09593330.2023.2198733 [doi]
AB  - Soil fulfils vital functions for life on Earth and so, just like water and air, 
      its protection from all sources of contamination is a major concern. However, the 
      extensive use of petroleum derived products, either as energy sources or as 
      commodities, leads to important environmental liabilities. Ex situ soil washing 
      is a technology to concentrate contaminants, allowing soil cleaning and the reuse 
      of extracted petroleum derived products. This work focuses on the optimization of 
      ex situ soil washing process using surfactants, introducing an evaluation of the 
      washing solution recycling and its after use safe disposal, promoting the 
      reduction of raw materials, energy and water resources costs. Two surfactants, 
      sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), 
      were tested in the decontamination of an artificially contaminated soil with 
      engine lubricant oil waste. The optimization of the washing conditions, such as 
      stirring speed, liquid-solid ratio, number of washing stages, and surfactant 
      concentration, was carried out using a design of experiments (DOE) software, so 
      that the maximum extraction efficiency of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) was 
      achieved. A TPH removal efficiency of (80.7 +/- 3.2)% was obtained with Tween 80 
      after 5 h of washing and (90.7 +/- 2.8)% with SDS after 2 h at 200 rpm on an 
      orbital shaker with a liquid to solid ratio (L/S) of 15. The potential for reuse 
      of the washing solutions was evaluated. Finally, the discharge of the washing 
      solution was considered using activated carbon to remove the surfactants and 
      ensure its safe disposal.
FAU - Caetano, Gabriela
AU  - Caetano G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7504-7810
AD  - Centro de Quimica Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Instituto 
      Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
AD  - Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente and Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, 
      Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
FAU - Machado, Remigio de Matos
AU  - Machado RM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6696-8183
AD  - Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente and Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, 
      Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
FAU - Correia, Maria Joana Neiva
AU  - Correia MJN
AD  - Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente and Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, 
      Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
FAU - Marrucho, Isabel Maria
AU  - Marrucho IM
AD  - Centro de Quimica Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Instituto 
      Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230426
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Technol
JT  - Environmental technology
JID - 9884939
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Optimization
OT  - Soil remediation
OT  - Soil washing
OT  - Surfactants
OT  - Total petroleum hydrocarbons
EDAT- 2023/04/02 06:00
MHDA- 2023/04/02 06:00
CRDT- 2023/04/01 03:13
PHST- 2023/04/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/04/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2023/04/01 03:13 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/09593330.2023.2198733 [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Environ Technol. 2023 Apr 26:1-14. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2198733.