PMID- 37012344
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230405
LR  - 20230419
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Apr 3
TI  - Repair of critical-sized bone defects in rabbit femurs using graphitic carbon 
      nitride (g-C(3)N(4)) and graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials.
PG  - 5404
LID - 10.1038/s41598-023-32487-7 [doi]
LID - 5404
AB  - Various biomaterials have been evaluated to enhance bone formation in 
      critical-sized bone defects; however, the ideal scaffold is still missing. The 
      objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo regenerative 
      capacity of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C(3)N(4)) and graphene oxide (GO) 
      nanomaterials to stimulate critical-sized bone defect regeneration. The in vitro 
      cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility of g-C(3)N(4) and GO were evaluated, and their 
      potential to induce the in vitro osteogenesis of human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) 
      cells was assessed using qPCR. Then, bone defect in femoral condyles was created 
      in rabbits and left empty as control or filled with either g-C(3)N(4) or GO. The 
      osteogenesis of the different implanted scaffolds was evaluated after 4, 8, and 
      12 weeks of surgery using X-ray, computed tomography (CT), macro/microscopic 
      examinations, and qPCR analysis of osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP) 
      expressions. Both materials displayed good cell viability and hemocompatibility 
      with enhanced collagen type-I (Col-I), OC, and OP expressions of the hFOB cells. 
      Compared to the control group, the bone healing process in g-C(3)N(4) and GO 
      groups was promoted in vivo. Moreover, complete healing of the bone defect was 
      observed radiologically and grossly in g-C(3)N(4) implanted group. Additionally, 
      g-C(3)N(4) implanted group showed higher percentages of osteoid tissue, mature 
      collagen, biodegradation, and expressions of OC and OP. In conclusion, our 
      results revealed that g-C(3)N(4) and GO nanomaterials could induce osteogenesis 
      in critical-sized bone defects.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s).
FAU - Sadek, Ahmed Abdelrahiem
AU  - Sadek AA
AD  - Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
FAU - Abd-Elkareem, Mahmoud
AU  - Abd-Elkareem M
AD  - Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut 
      University, Assiut, Egypt.
FAU - Abdelhamid, Hani Nasser
AU  - Abdelhamid HN
AD  - Advanced Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty 
      of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
AD  - Proteomics Laboratory for Clinical Research and Materials Science, Department of 
      Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
AD  - Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), 
      Suez Desert Road, El-Sherouk City, 11837, Cairo, Egypt.
FAU - Moustafa, Samia
AU  - Moustafa S
AD  - Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
FAU - Hussein, Kamal
AU  - Hussein K
AD  - Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt. kamalhussein@aun.edu.eg.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20230403
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (graphene oxide)
RN  - 0 (graphitic carbon nitride)
RN  - 9007-34-5 (Collagen)
RN  - 104982-03-8 (Osteocalcin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Tissue Scaffolds
MH  - *Osteogenesis
MH  - Bone Regeneration
MH  - Collagen
MH  - Femur/diagnostic imaging
MH  - Osteocalcin/genetics
MH  - Tissue Engineering/methods
PMC - PMC10070441
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2023/04/04 06:00
MHDA- 2023/04/05 06:42
PMCR- 2023/04/03
CRDT- 2023/04/03 23:21
PHST- 2022/03/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/04/05 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/04/03 23:21 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/04/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/04/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-32487-7 [pii]
AID - 32487 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-32487-7 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 3;13(1):5404. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32487-7.