PMID- 37017445
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230407
IS  - 1424-8247 (Print)
IS  - 1424-8247 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8247 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 Jan 19
TI  - Endocannabinoid System: Chemical Characteristics and Biological Activity.
LID - 10.3390/ph16020148 [doi]
LID - 148
AB  - The endocannabinoid system (eCB) has been studied to identify the molecular 
      structures present in Cannabis sativa. eCB consists of cannabinoid receptors, 
      endogenous ligands, and the associated enzymatic apparatus responsible for 
      maintaining energy homeostasis and cognitive processes. Several physiological 
      effects of cannabinoids are exerted through interactions with various receptors, 
      such as CB1 and CB2 receptors, vanilloid receptors, and the recently discovered 
      G-protein-coupled receptors (GPR55, GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, and GPR19). Anandamide 
      (AEA) and 2-arachidoylglycerol (2-AG), two small lipids derived from arachidonic 
      acid, showed high-affinity binding to both CB1 and CB2 receptors. eCB plays a 
      critical role in chronic pain and mood disorders and has been extensively studied 
      because of its wide therapeutic potential and because it is a promising target 
      for the development of new drugs. Phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids 
      have shown varied affinities for eCB and are relevant to the treatment of several 
      neurological diseases. This review provides a description of eCB components and 
      discusses how phytocannabinoids and other exogenous compounds may regulate the 
      eCB balance. Furthermore, we show the hypo- or hyperfunctionality of eCB in the 
      body and how eCB is related to chronic pain and mood disorders, even with 
      integrative and complementary health practices (ICHP) harmonizing the eCB.
FAU - Rezende, Bismarck
AU  - Rezende B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4005-6493
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute 
      Biology (IBRAG), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 
      20551-030, Brazil.
FAU - Alencar, Allan Kardec Nogueira
AU  - Alencar AKN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3072-6270
AD  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, 
      USA.
FAU - de Bem, Graziele Freitas
AU  - de Bem GF
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute 
      Biology (IBRAG), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 
      20551-030, Brazil.
FAU - Fontes-Dantas, Fabricia Lima
AU  - Fontes-Dantas FL
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5201-0927
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute 
      Biology (IBRAG), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 
      20551-030, Brazil.
FAU - Montes, Guilherme Carneiro
AU  - Montes GC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4946-9056
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute 
      Biology (IBRAG), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 
      20551-030, Brazil.
LA  - eng
GR  - E-26/211.795/2021/Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do 
      Rio de Janeiro/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20230119
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
JT  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101238453
PMC - PMC9966761
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - chronic pain
OT  - endocannabinoid ligands
OT  - endocannabinoid system
OT  - integrative and complementary health practices
OT  - mood disorders
OT  - phytocannabinoids
OT  - receptor cannabinoid
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/04/06 06:00
MHDA- 2023/04/06 06:01
PMCR- 2023/01/19
CRDT- 2023/04/05 09:13
PHST- 2022/11/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/01/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/01/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/04/06 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/04/05 09:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/04/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/01/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ph16020148 [pii]
AID - pharmaceuticals-16-00148 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ph16020148 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Jan 19;16(2):148. doi: 10.3390/ph16020148.