PMID- 37030601
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230427
LR  - 20230427
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Print)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 327
DP  - 2023 Jun 15
TI  - Long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 severity: A cohort study in 
      Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.
PG  - 121594
LID - S0269-7491(23)00596-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121594 [doi]
AB  - Exposure to outdoor air pollution may affect incidence and severity of 
      coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this retrospective cohort based on 
      patient records from the Greater Manchester Care Records, all first COVID-19 
      cases diagnosed between March 1, 2020 and May 31, 2022 were followed until 
      COVID-19 related hospitalization or death within 28 days. Long-term exposure was 
      estimated using mean annual concentrations of particulate matter with diameter 
      </=2.5 mum (PM(2.5)), </=10 mum (PM(10)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), ozone (O(3)), 
      sulphur dioxide (SO(2)) and benzene (C(6)H(6)) in 2019 using a validated air 
      pollution model developed by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural 
      Affairs (DEFRA). The association of long-term exposure to air pollution with 
      COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality were estimated using multivariate logistic 
      regression models after adjusting for potential individual, temporal and spatial 
      confounders. Significant positive associations were observed between PM(2.5), 
      PM(10,) NO(2,) SO(2,) benzene and COVID-19 hospital admissions with odds ratios 
      (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]) of 1.27 (1.25-1.30), 1.15 (1.13-1.17), 1.12 
      (1.10-1.14), 1.16 (1.14-1.18), and 1.39 (1.36-1.42), (per interquartile range 
      [IQR]), respectively. Significant positive associations were also observed 
      between PM(2.5), PM(10), SO(2), or benzene and COVID-19 mortality with odds 
      ratios (95% CI) of 1.39 (1.31-1.48), 1.23 (1.17-1.30), 1.18 (1.12-1.24), and 1.62 
      (1.52-1.72), per IQR, respectively. Individuals who were older, overweight or 
      obese, current smokers, or had underlying comorbidities showed greater 
      associations between all pollutants of interest and hospital admission, compared 
      to the corresponding groups. Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated 
      with developing severe COVID-19 after a positive SARS-CoV-2 infection, resulting 
      in hospitalization or death.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hyman, Samuel
AU  - Hyman S
AD  - Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Centre for Atmospheric Science, 
      School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 
      Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, 
      The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Electronic address: 
      samuel.hyman@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk.
FAU - Zhang, Jiawei
AU  - Zhang J
AD  - Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of 
      Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic
AU  - Andersen ZJ
AD  - Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of 
      Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Cruickshank, Sheena
AU  - Cruickshank S
AD  - Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, 
      The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
FAU - Moller, Peter
AU  - Moller P
AD  - Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of 
      Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Daras, Konstantinos
AU  - Daras K
AD  - Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, Institute of Population Health, 
      University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
FAU - Williams, Richard
AU  - Williams R
AD  - Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine 
      and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 
      Manchester, UK; NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research 
      Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, 
      Manchester, UK; NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Greater Manchester, Faculty 
      of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
FAU - Topping, David
AU  - Topping D
AD  - Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Centre for Atmospheric Science, 
      School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
FAU - Lim, Youn-Hee
AU  - Lim YH
AD  - Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of 
      Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230406
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - J64922108F (Benzene)
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
RN  - 66H7ZZK23N (Ozone)
RN  - S7G510RUBH (Nitrogen Dioxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Air Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Benzene
MH  - *COVID-19/epidemiology
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
MH  - *Air Pollution/adverse effects/analysis
MH  - Particulate Matter/analysis
MH  - *Ozone/analysis
MH  - United Kingdom/epidemiology
MH  - Environmental Exposure/analysis
MH  - Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis
PMC - PMC10079212
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Air pollution
OT  - Benzene
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - Hospitalization
OT  - Mortality
OT  - SARS-CoV-2
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/04/09 06:00
MHDA- 2023/04/27 06:42
PMCR- 2023/04/06
CRDT- 2023/04/08 19:30
PHST- 2023/01/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/04/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/04/27 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/04/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/04/08 19:30 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/04/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0269-7491(23)00596-1 [pii]
AID - 121594 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121594 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2023 Jun 15;327:121594. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121594. Epub 
      2023 Apr 6.