PMID- 37039111
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231216
LR  - 20231216
IS  - 1469-8978 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-2917 (Print)
IS  - 0033-2917 (Linking)
VI  - 53
IP  - 15
DP  - 2023 Nov
TI  - Death of parent, sibling, spouse, and child in a Swedish national sample and risk 
      of subsequent stress reaction, major depression, alcohol-use disorder, and 
      drug-use disorder.
PG  - 7138-7150
LID - 10.1017/S0033291723000570 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: To determine, in a general population, how much rates of stress 
      reactions (SR), major depression (MD), alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and drug-use 
      disorder (DUD) increase after the death of close relatives. METHODS: SR, MD, AUD, 
      and DUD registrations were assessed from national Swedish registries. From the 
      population followed from 2000 to 2018, those exposed to death of a close relative 
      in 2002-2016 were matched to unexposed controls and analyzed in males and females 
      by a controlled pre-post design using a difference-in-difference method. RESULTS: 
      Substantial, brief increases in risk for SR and more modest prolonged increases 
      in MD were observed after death of relatives in both men and women greatest with 
      children, followed by spouses, parents, and siblings. Relatively long-lasting 
      modest increases in AUD but not DUD were also observed following death of 
      relatives. The absolute increases for SR and MD were greater in females than 
      males and for AUD greater in males than females. However, logistic regression 
      analyses showed most effects did not differ significantly by sex. Consistently 
      larger increases in disorder risk were seen with the death of younger v. older 
      parents, siblings, and spouses and with accidental v. non-accidental death in 
      children. CONCLUSIONS: Applying a matched cohort design to Swedish population 
      registries, death of close relatives was associated with, and likely caused, 
      substantial increases in rates of SR, MD, and AUD, consistent with smaller prior 
      clinical investigations. Through such registries, we can, in large representative 
      samples, integrate the impact of exposures to selected environmental adversities 
      into disorder risk pathways.
FAU - Kendler, Kenneth S
AU  - Kendler KS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8689-6570
AD  - Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth 
      University, Richmond, VA, USA.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
FAU - Lonn, Sara L
AU  - Lonn SL
AD  - Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
FAU - Sundquist, Jan
AU  - Sundquist J
AD  - Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
AD  - Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population 
      Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 
      USA.
AD  - Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department 
      of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan.
FAU - Sundquist, Kristina
AU  - Sundquist K
AD  - Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
AD  - Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population 
      Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 
      USA.
AD  - Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department 
      of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AA023534/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01AA023534/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230411
PL  - England
TA  - Psychol Med
JT  - Psychological medicine
JID - 1254142
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Child
MH  - Humans
MH  - Female
MH  - Spouses
MH  - *Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology
MH  - Sweden/epidemiology
MH  - Siblings
MH  - Depression
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - *Alcoholism/epidemiology
MH  - Parents
MH  - *Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
MH  - Disease Susceptibility
MH  - Registries
PMC - PMC10719625
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alcohol-use disorder
OT  - drug-use disorder
OT  - major depression
OT  - stress disorder
OT  - stressful life events
COIS- None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to declare.
EDAT- 2023/04/12 06:00
MHDA- 2023/12/17 09:45
PMCR- 2023/12/14
CRDT- 2023/04/11 06:12
PHST- 2023/12/17 09:45 [medline]
PHST- 2023/04/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/04/11 06:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/12/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0033291723000570 [pii]
AID - 10.1017/S0033291723000570 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychol Med. 2023 Nov;53(15):7138-7150. doi: 10.1017/S0033291723000570. Epub 2023 
      Apr 11.