PMID- 37047096
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230415
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 7
DP  - 2023 Mar 24
TI  - CA-IX-Expressing Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) Are Released by Melanoma 
      Cells under Hypoxia and in the Blood of Advanced Melanoma Patients.
LID - 10.3390/ijms24076122 [doi]
LID - 6122
AB  - Cutaneous melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer, with poor prognosis. The 
      tumor microenvironment is characterized by areas of hypoxia. Carbonic anhydrase 
      IX (CA-IX) is a marker of tumor hypoxia and its expression is regulated by 
      hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). CA-IX has been found to be highly expressed 
      in invasive melanomas. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on 
      the release of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in two melanoma in vitro 
      models. We demonstrated that melanoma cells release sEVs under both normoxic and 
      hypoxic conditions, but only hypoxia-induced sEVs express CA-IX mRNA and protein. 
      Moreover, we optimized an ELISA assay to provide evidence for CA-IX protein 
      expression on the membranes of the sEVs. These CA-IX-positive sEVs may be 
      exploited as potential biomarkers for liquid biopsy.
FAU - Venturella, Marta
AU  - Venturella M
AD  - Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental 
      Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
FAU - Falsini, Alessandro
AU  - Falsini A
AUID- ORCID: 0009-0005-2636-6443
AD  - Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental 
      Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
FAU - Coppola, Federica
AU  - Coppola F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7201-5741
AD  - Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental 
      Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
FAU - Giuntini, Gaia
AU  - Giuntini G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6643-1354
AD  - Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental 
      Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
FAU - Carraro, Fabio
AU  - Carraro F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0771-042X
AD  - Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, 
      University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
FAU - Zocco, Davide
AU  - Zocco D
AD  - Lonza Siena, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy.
FAU - Chiesi, Antonio
AU  - Chiesi A
AD  - Exosomics SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy.
FAU - Naldini, Antonella
AU  - Naldini A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9600-2486
AD  - Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental 
      Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230324
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Neoplasm)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers, Tumor)
RN  - EC 4.2.1.1 (Carbonic Anhydrase IX)
RN  - EC 4.2.1.1 (Carbonic Anhydrases)
RN  - EC 4.2.1.1 (CA9 protein, human)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
MH  - Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
MH  - Carbonic Anhydrase IX/genetics
MH  - *Carbonic Anhydrases/metabolism
MH  - Hypoxia
MH  - *Melanoma/genetics
MH  - *Skin Neoplasms
MH  - Tumor Microenvironment
MH  - Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PMC - PMC10094632
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HIF-1
OT  - biomarker discovery
OT  - carbonic anhydrase IX
OT  - hypoxia
OT  - liquid biopsy
OT  - melanoma
OT  - sEVs
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/04/14 06:00
MHDA- 2023/04/14 06:41
PMCR- 2023/03/24
CRDT- 2023/04/13 01:10
PHST- 2023/01/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/03/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/04/14 06:41 [medline]
PHST- 2023/04/13 01:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/04/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms24076122 [pii]
AID - ijms-24-06122 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms24076122 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 24;24(7):6122. doi: 10.3390/ijms24076122.