PMID- 37059446
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240324
IS  - 1305-7456 (Print)
IS  - 1305-7464 (Electronic)
VI  - 18
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024 Feb
TI  - Malocclusion: Prevalence and Determinants among Adolescents of Karachi, Pakistan.
PG  - 143-153
LID - 10.1055/s-0043-1761461 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES:  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of 
      malocclusion and its associated demographic and clinical factors in young 
      adolescents (13-15 years) of Karachi, Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  An 
      epidemiological survey included 500 young adolescents of registered schools, 
      madrassas (Islamic education system), and shop workers of Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town. 
      It was a cross-sectional analytical study design. Multistage random sampling 
      technique was used to enroll participants. The pattern of occlusion was recorded 
      with other related features using Angle's classification. Health status was 
      recorded through World Health Organization-guided indices (decayed, missing, and 
      filled permanent teeth [DMFT], community periodontal index of treatment needs 
      [CPITN], and body mass index [BMI]). The information, thus, obtained was analyzed 
      through SPSS using the chi-squared test and regression models. RESULTS:  Forty 
      four percent of the participants were female, while overall estimated prevalence 
      of malocclusion in young adolescents of Karachi was 57.4%. After adjustments, 
      participants going to any kind of education system had less malocclusion in 
      comparison to those who were not going to any education system (adjusted odds 
      ratio [aOR] = 0.305, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12-0.73); mother's 
      education especially higher level (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.08-3.75) and presence 
      of periodontal disease (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.06-2.33) were significantly 
      associated with malocclusion. CONCLUSION:  This study showed that the class I 
      malocclusion is prevalent in the local community. Demographic factors like 
      gender, age, self-reported ethnicity, and BMI did not show any significant role. 
      Education or knowledge of parents and young adolescents does play an influential 
      role in decreasing malocclusion. Young adolescents, who are more prone to oral 
      health problems at an early age, would have more chances to develop occlusal 
      discrepancies.
CI  - The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms 
      of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, 
      distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. 
      (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
FAU - Tariq, Rabia
AU  - Tariq R
AD  - Department of Research, School of Public Health, Dow University of Health 
      Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Khan, Muhammad Tahir
AU  - Khan MT
AD  - School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, 
      Pakistan.
FAU - Afaq, Ashar
AU  - Afaq A
AD  - Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), 
      Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Tariq, Sobia
AU  - Tariq S
AD  - Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Liaquat College of Medicine and 
      Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Tariq, Yasir
AU  - Tariq Y
AD  - Center of Advanced Consultants in Healthcare Education and Training, Riyadh, 
      Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Khan, Sana Shakil
AU  - Khan SS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6941-0003
AD  - Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, 
      Pakistan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230414
PL  - Germany
TA  - Eur J Dent
JT  - European journal of dentistry
JID - 101303672
PMC - PMC10959627
COIS- None declared.
EDAT- 2023/04/15 06:00
MHDA- 2023/04/15 06:01
PMCR- 2023/04/01
CRDT- 2023/04/14 20:12
PHST- 2023/04/15 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/04/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/04/14 20:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - EJD-22-11-2489 [pii]
AID - 10.1055/s-0043-1761461 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Dent. 2024 Feb;18(1):143-153. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1761461. Epub 2023 Apr 
      14.