PMID- 37061897 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230531 LR - 20231116 IS - 1542-7714 (Electronic) IS - 1542-3565 (Linking) VI - 21 IP - 6 DP - 2023 Jun TI - AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Extraesophageal Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Expert Review. PG - 1414-1421.e3 LID - S1542-3565(23)00143-X [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.01.040 [doi] AB - DESCRIPTION: The purpose of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Clinical Practice Update is to review the available evidence and expert advice regarding the clinical management of patients with suspected extraesophageal gastroesophageal reflux disease. METHODS: This article provides practical advice based on the available published evidence including that identified from recently published reviews from leading investigators in the field, prospective and population studies, clinical trials, and recent clinical guidelines and technical reviews. This best practice document is not based on a formal systematic review. The best practice advice as presented in this document applies to patients with symptoms or conditions suspected to be related to extraesophageal reflux (EER). This expert review was commissioned and approved by the AGA Institute Clinical Practice Updates Committee (CPUC) and the AGA Governing Board to provide timely guidance on a topic of high clinical importance to the AGA membership and underwent internal peer review by the CPUC and external peer review through standard procedures of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. These Best Practice Advice (BPA) statements were drawn from a review of the published literature and from expert opinion. Because systematic reviews were not performed, these BPA statements do not carry formal ratings of the quality of evidence or strength of the presented considerations. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 1: Gastroenterologists should be aware of potential extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and should inquire about such disorders including laryngitis, chronic cough, asthma, and dental erosions in GERD patients to determine whether GERD may be a contributing factor to these conditions. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 2: Development of a multidisciplinary approach to extraesophageal (EER) manifestations is an important consideration because the conditions are often multifactorial, requiring input from non-gastroenterology (GI) specialties. Results from diagnostic testing (ie, bronchoscopy, thoracic imaging, laryngoscopy, etc) from non-GI disciplines should be taken into consideration when gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is considered as a cause for extraesophageal symptoms. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 3: Currently, there is no single diagnostic tool that can conclusively identify GER as the cause of EER symptoms. Determination of the contribution of GER to EER symptoms should be based on the global clinical impression derived from patients' symptoms, response to GER therapy, and results of endoscopy and reflux testing. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 4: Consideration should be given toward diagnostic testing for reflux before initiation of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in patients with potential extraesophageal manifestations of GERD, but without typical GERD symptoms. Initial single-dose PPI trial, titrating up to twice daily in those with typical GERD symptoms, is reasonable. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 5: Symptom improvement of EER manifestations while on PPI therapy may result from mechanisms of action other than acid suppression and should not be regarded as confirmation for GERD. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 6: In patients with suspected extraesophageal manifestation of GERD who have failed one trial (up to 12 weeks) of PPI therapy, one should consider objective testing for pathologic GER, because additional trials of different PPIs are low yield. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 7: Initial testing to evaluate for reflux should be tailored to patients' clinical presentation and can include upper endoscopy and ambulatory reflux monitoring studies of acid suppressive therapy. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 8: Testing can be considered for those with an established objective diagnosis of GERD who do not respond to high doses of acid suppression. Testing can include pH-impedance monitoring while on acid suppression to evaluate the role of ongoing acid or non-acid reflux. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 9: Alternative treatment methods to acid suppressive therapy (eg, lifestyle modifications, alginate-containing antacids, external upper esophageal sphincter compression device, cognitive-behavioral therapy, neuromodulators) may serve a role in management of EER symptoms. BEST PRACTICE ADVICE 10: Shared decision-making should be performed before referral for anti-reflux surgery for EER when the patient has clear, objectively defined evidence of GERD. However, a lack of response to PPI therapy predicts lack of response to anti-reflux surgery and should be incorporated into the decision process. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Chen, Joan W AU - Chen JW AD - Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: chenjoan@med.umich.edu. FAU - Vela, Marcelo F AU - Vela MF AD - Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona. FAU - Peterson, Kathryn A AU - Peterson KA AD - Division of Gastroenterology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. FAU - Carlson, Dustin A AU - Carlson DA AD - Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Practice Guideline DEP - 20230414 PL - United States TA - Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol JT - Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association JID - 101160775 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Endoscopy MH - *Gastroenterology MH - *Gastroesophageal Reflux/therapy/drug therapy MH - Laryngoscopy MH - Prospective Studies MH - United States OTO - NOTNLM OT - Ambulatory Reflux Monitor OT - Endoscopy OT - Extraesophageal Reflux OT - Gastroesophageal Reflux OT - Laryngopharyngeal Reflux OT - Laryngoscopy EDAT- 2023/04/17 06:00 MHDA- 2023/05/29 06:41 CRDT- 2023/04/16 10:32 PHST- 2022/08/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/12/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/01/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/05/29 06:41 [medline] PHST- 2023/04/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/04/16 10:32 [entrez] AID - S1542-3565(23)00143-X [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.01.040 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Jun;21(6):1414-1421.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.01.040. Epub 2023 Apr 14.