PMID- 37062024
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230518
LR  - 20230620
IS  - 1432-2099 (Electronic)
IS  - 0301-634X (Print)
IS  - 0301-634X (Linking)
VI  - 62
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 May
TI  - Space radiation quality factor for Galactic Cosmic Rays and typical space mission 
      scenarios using a microdosimetric approach.
PG  - 221-234
LID - 10.1007/s00411-023-01023-6 [doi]
AB  - Space radiation exposure from omnipresent Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) in 
      interplanetary space poses a serious carcinogenic risk to astronauts due to 
      the-limited or absent-protective effect of the Earth's magnetosphere and, in 
      particular, the terrestrial atmosphere. The radiation risk is directly influenced 
      by the quality of the radiation, i.e., its pattern of energy deposition at the 
      micron/DNA scale. For stochastic biological effects, radiation quality is 
      described by the quality factor, [Formula: see text], which can be defined as a 
      function of Linear Energy Transfer (LET) or the microdosimetric lineal energy 
      ([Formula: see text]). In the present work, the average [Formula: see text] of 
      GCR for different mission scenarios was calculated using a modified version of 
      the microdosimetric Theory of Dual Radiation Action (TDRA). NASA's OLTARIS 
      platform was utilized to generate the radiation environment behind different 
      aluminum shielding (0-30 g/cm(2)) for a typical mission scenario in low-earth 
      orbit (LEO) and in deep space. The microdosimetric lineal energy spectra of ions 
      ([Formula: see text]) in 1 mum liquid water spheres were calculated by a 
      generalized analytical model which considers energy-loss fluctuations and delta-ray 
      transport inside the irradiated medium. The present TDRA-based [Formula: see 
      text]-values for the LEO and deep space missions were found to differ by up to 
      10% and 14% from the corresponding ICRP-based [Formula: see text]-values and up 
      to 3% and 6% from NASA's [Formula: see text]-model. In addition, they were found 
      to be in good agreement with the [Formula: see text]-values measured in the 
      International Space Station (ISS) and by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) 
      Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) which represent, respectively, a LEO and deep 
      space orbit.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s).
FAU - Papadopoulos, Alexis
AU  - Papadopoulos A
AD  - Medical Physics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 
      45110, Ioannina, Greece.
FAU - Kyriakou, Ioanna
AU  - Kyriakou I
AD  - Medical Physics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 
      45110, Ioannina, Greece.
FAU - Incerti, Sebastien
AU  - Incerti S
AD  - University of Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2I, UMR 5797, F-33170, Gradignan, France.
FAU - Santin, Giovanni
AU  - Santin G
AD  - ESA/ESTEC Space Environments and Effects Section, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG, 
      Noordwijk, ZH, The Netherlands.
FAU - Nieminen, Petteri
AU  - Nieminen P
AD  - ESA/ESTEC Space Environments and Effects Section, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG, 
      Noordwijk, ZH, The Netherlands.
FAU - Daglis, Ioannis A
AU  - Daglis IA
AD  - Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, 
      Athens, Greece.
AD  - Hellenic Space Center, 15231, Athens, Greece.
FAU - Li, Weibo
AU  - Li W
AD  - Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health 
      (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
AD  - Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764, 
      Oberschleissheim, Germany.
FAU - Emfietzoglou, Dimitris
AU  - Emfietzoglou D
AD  - Medical Physics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 
      45110, Ioannina, Greece. demfietz@uoi.gr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20230416
PL  - Germany
TA  - Radiat Environ Biophys
JT  - Radiation and environmental biophysics
JID - 0415677
RN  - 0 (Ions)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Astronauts
MH  - *Cosmic Radiation
MH  - Relative Biological Effectiveness
MH  - Ions
MH  - *Radiation Exposure
MH  - *Space Flight
PMC - PMC10188414
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Carcinogenic risk
OT  - Galactic Cosmic Rays
OT  - Manned space missions
OT  - Microdosimetry
OT  - Quality factor
OT  - Space radiation
COIS- The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the 
      content of this article.
EDAT- 2023/04/17 06:00
MHDA- 2023/05/18 06:42
PMCR- 2023/04/16
CRDT- 2023/04/16 14:18
PHST- 2022/12/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/18 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/04/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/04/16 14:18 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/04/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s00411-023-01023-6 [pii]
AID - 1023 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00411-023-01023-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Radiat Environ Biophys. 2023 May;62(2):221-234. doi: 10.1007/s00411-023-01023-6. 
      Epub 2023 Apr 16.