PMID- 37084058
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230517
LR  - 20230517
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 24
DP  - 2023 May
TI  - Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in raw bovine milk from 
      various dairy farms in Beja, Tunisia: contamination status, dietary intake, and 
      health risk assessment for the consumers.
PG  - 65427-65439
LID - 10.1007/s11356-023-26976-5 [doi]
AB  - We determined organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls 
      (PCBs) in raw bovine milk taken directly from the milking equipment for different 
      animals and various farms in Beja region, which is one of the largest milk 
      producing areas in Tunisia. All milk samples were contaminated with one or more 
      pesticides and exhibited measurable concentrations of some PCB congeners. The 
      residue levels are generally marked by the predominance of 
      dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) (median: 17.60 ng g(-1) fat), followed by 
      hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (median: 14.31 ng g(-1) fat), PCBs (median: 4.71 ng g(-1) 
      fat), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) (median: 0.77 ng g(-1) fat). DDT/DDE 
      ratios across the samples vary between 0.09 to 32.24 and exhibit the hypothesis 
      of sustaining illegal use of the banned pesticide. The historical or recent use 
      of OCPs and possible emission sources of PCBs identified near studied farms may 
      lead to increased levels of these contaminants in produced milk. The estimated 
      daily intake (EDI) values were several orders of magnitude below the tolerable 
      daily intake (TDI) fixed by FAO/WHO, though recorded concentration in some 
      samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) fixed by the EU, especially 
      for OCPs. According to health risk assessments, consumption of raw milk did not 
      pose an obvious cancer risk or other health problems for local inhabitants.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 
      part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Derouiche, Abdelkader
AU  - Derouiche A
AD  - Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructural Materials (LR18ES11), 
      Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 
      7021, Bizerte, Zarzouna, Tunisia. abdelkaderder@yahoo.fr.
FAU - Achour, Amani
AU  - Achour A
AD  - Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of 
      Carthage Tunisia, 7021, Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia.
FAU - Driss, Mohamed Ridha
AU  - Driss MR
AD  - Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructural Materials (LR18ES11), 
      Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 
      7021, Bizerte, Zarzouna, Tunisia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230421
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - Milk/chemistry
MH  - Farms
MH  - Tunisia
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - *Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis
MH  - *Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Eating
MH  - Risk Assessment
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dietary intake
OT  - Organochlorine pesticides
OT  - Polychlorinated biphenyls
OT  - Raw bovine milk
OT  - Risk assessment
OT  - Tunisia
EDAT- 2023/04/21 18:42
MHDA- 2023/05/17 06:42
CRDT- 2023/04/21 15:01
PHST- 2022/12/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/17 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/04/21 18:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/04/21 15:01 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-26976-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-26976-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May;30(24):65427-65439. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-023-26976-5. Epub 2023 Apr 21.