PMID- 37099921 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230512 LR - 20230618 IS - 1878-0180 (Electronic) IS - 1878-0180 (Linking) VI - 142 DP - 2023 Jun TI - 3D printed TPMS structural PLA/GO scaffold: Process parameter optimization, porous structure, mechanical and biological properties. PG - 105848 LID - S1751-6161(23)00201-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105848 [doi] AB - Bone scaffolds should have good biocompatibility and mechanical and biological properties, which are primarily by the material design, porous structure, and preparation process. In this study, we proposed polylactic acid (PLA) as the base material, graphene oxide (GO) as an enhancing filler, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) as a porous structure, and fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing as a preparation technology to develop a TPMS structural PLA/GO scaffold and evaluate their porous structures, mechanical properties, and biological properties towards bone tissue engineering. Firstly, the influence of the FDM 3D printing process parameters on the forming quality and mechanical properties of PLA was studied by orthogonal experimental design, based on which the process parameters were optimized. Then, GO was composited with PLA, and PLA/GO nanocomposites were prepared by FDM. The mechanical tests showed that GO can effectively improve the tensile and compression strength of PLA; only by adding 0.1% GO the tensile and compression modulus was increased by 35.6% and 35.8%, respectively. Then, TPMS structural (Schwarz-P, Gyroid) scaffold models were designed and TPMS structural PLA/0.1%GO nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared by FDM. The compression test showed that the TPMS structural scaffolds had higher compression strength than the Grid structure; This was owing to the fact that the continuous curved structure of TMPS alleviated stress concentration and had a more uniform stress bearing. Moreover, cell culture indicated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) showed better adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation behaviors on the TPMS structural scaffolds as the continuous surface structure of TPMS had better connectivity and larger specific surface area. These results suggest that the TPMS structural PLA/GO scaffold has potential application in bone repair. This article suggests the feasibility of co-designing the material, structure, and technology for achieving the good comprehensive performance of polymer bone scaffolds. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Guo, Wang AU - Guo W AD - Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. Electronic address: guowang@gxu.edu.cn. FAU - Yang, Yanjuan AU - Yang Y AD - Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. FAU - Liu, Chao AU - Liu C AD - Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. FAU - Bu, Wenlang AU - Bu W AD - Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. FAU - Guo, Feng AU - Guo F AD - Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, 530021, China. FAU - Li, Jiaqi AU - Li J AD - Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. FAU - Wang, Enyu AU - Wang E AD - Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. FAU - Peng, Ziying AU - Peng Z AD - Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. FAU - Mai, Huaming AU - Mai H AD - Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. FAU - You, Hui AU - You H AD - Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. FAU - Long, Yu AU - Long Y AD - Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20230418 PL - Netherlands TA - J Mech Behav Biomed Mater JT - Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials JID - 101322406 RN - 459TN2L5F5 (poly(lactide)) RN - 0 (graphene oxide) RN - 0 (Polyesters) SB - IM MH - *Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry MH - Porosity MH - *Osteogenesis MH - Tissue Engineering/methods MH - Polyesters/chemistry MH - Printing, Three-Dimensional OTO - NOTNLM OT - Biological properties OT - Fused deposition modeling (FDM) OT - Graphene oxide (GO) OT - Mechanical properties OT - Polymer scaffold OT - Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2023/04/27 00:42 MHDA- 2023/05/12 07:06 CRDT- 2023/04/26 18:05 PHST- 2023/02/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/04/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/04/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/05/12 07:06 [medline] PHST- 2023/04/27 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/04/26 18:05 [entrez] AID - S1751-6161(23)00201-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105848 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2023 Jun;142:105848. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105848. Epub 2023 Apr 18.