PMID- 37102698
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230525
LR  - 20231018
IS  - 1522-1601 (Electronic)
IS  - 8750-7587 (Print)
IS  - 0161-7567 (Linking)
VI  - 134
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Jun 1
TI  - Influence of gonadectomy on muscle health in micro- and partial-gravity 
      environments in rats.
PG  - 1438-1449
LID - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00023.2023 [doi]
AB  - Gonadal hormones, such as testosterone and estradiol, modulate muscle size and 
      strength in males and females. However, the influence of sex hormones on muscle 
      strength in micro- and partial-gravity environments (e.g., the Moon or Mars) is 
      not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of 
      gonadectomy (castration/ovariectomy) on progression of muscle atrophy in both 
      micro- and partial-gravity environments in male and female rats. Male and female 
      Fischer rats (n = 120) underwent castration/ovariectomy (CAST/OVX) or sham 
      surgery (SHAM) at 11 wk of age. After 2 wk of recovery, rats were exposed to 
      hindlimb unloading (0 g), partial weight bearing at 40% of normal loading (0.4 g, 
      Martian gravity), or normal loading (1.0 g) for 28 days. In males, CAST did not 
      exacerbate body weight loss or other metrics of musculoskeletal health. In 
      females, OVX animals tended to have greater body weight loss and greater 
      gastrocnemius loss. Within 7 days of exposure to either microgravity or partial 
      gravity, females had detectable changes to estrous cycle, with greater time spent 
      in low-estradiol phases diestrus and metestrus ( approximately 47% in 1 g vs. 58% in 0 g and 
      72% in 0.4 g animals, P = 0.005). We conclude that in males testosterone 
      deficiency at the initiation of unloading has little effect on the trajectory of 
      muscle loss. In females, initial low estradiol status may result in greater 
      musculoskeletal losses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We find that removal of gonadal hormones 
      does not exacerbate muscle loss in males or females during exposure to either 
      simulated microgravity or partial-gravity environments. However, simulated micro- 
      and partial gravity did affect females' estrous cycles, with more time spent in 
      low-estrogen phases. Our findings provide important data on the influence of 
      gonadal hormones on the trajectory of muscle loss during unloading and will help 
      inform NASA for future crewed missions to space and other planets.
FAU - Rosa-Caldwell, Megan E
AU  - Rosa-Caldwell ME
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3829-1021
AD  - Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical 
      School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
FAU - Mortreux, Marie
AU  - Mortreux M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8567-8184
AD  - Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical 
      School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
AD  - Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, 
      Rhode Island, United States.
FAU - Wadhwa, Anna
AU  - Wadhwa A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5776-4333
AD  - Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical 
      School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
FAU - Kaiser, Ursula B
AU  - Kaiser UB
AD  - Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's 
      Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
FAU - Sung, Dong-Min
AU  - Sung DM
AD  - Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical 
      School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
FAU - Bouxsein, Mary L
AU  - Bouxsein ML
AD  - Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and 
      Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
FAU - Rutkove, Seward B
AU  - Rutkove SB
AD  - Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical 
      School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
LA  - eng
GR  - 80NSSC19K1598/NASA/NASA/United States
GR  - 80NSSC21K0311/NASA/NASA/United States
GR  - T32GM144273/NH/NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37HD019938/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20230427
PL  - United States
TA  - J Appl Physiol (1985)
JT  - Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
JID - 8502536
RN  - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
RN  - 4TI98Z838E (Estradiol)
RN  - 0 (Gonadal Hormones)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Rats
MH  - Male
MH  - Female
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Extraterrestrial Environment
MH  - *Mars
MH  - Ovariectomy
MH  - Testosterone/physiology
MH  - Estradiol
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal
MH  - Orchiectomy
MH  - Gonadal Hormones
MH  - Rats, Inbred F344
MH  - Weight Loss
PMC - PMC10228673
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - disuse
OT  - estrous cycle
OT  - maximal plantar flexion
OT  - muscular strength
OT  - sex hormones
COIS- No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.
EDAT- 2023/04/27 12:41
MHDA- 2023/05/25 06:42
PMCR- 2024/06/01
CRDT- 2023/04/27 08:54
PHST- 2024/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
PHST- 2023/05/25 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/04/27 12:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/04/27 08:54 [entrez]
AID - JAPPL-00023-2023 [pii]
AID - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00023.2023 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023 Jun 1;134(6):1438-1449. doi: 
      10.1152/japplphysiol.00023.2023. Epub 2023 Apr 27.