PMID- 37104399
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230501
IS  - 2306-7381 (Electronic)
IS  - 2306-7381 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 4
DP  - 2023 Mar 24
TI  - Tetracycline, Sulfonamide, and Erythromycin Residues in Beef, Eggs, and Honey 
      Sold as "Antibiotic-Free" Products in East Tennessee (USA) Farmers' Markets.
LID - 10.3390/vetsci10040243 [doi]
LID - 243
AB  - Foods that contain antibiotic residues have potential adverse health effects on 
      consumers and provide selective pressure for the threat of antimicrobial 
      resistance (AMR). This study's objective was to measure tetracycline, 
      sulfonamide, and erythromycin residues in beef, eggs, and honey sold as 
      "antibiotic-free" at farmers' markets in East Tennessee (East TN) in the United 
      States (U.S.). Between July and September 2020, 36 "antibiotic-free" food 
      products (9 beef, 18 egg, and 9 honey products) were purchased from East TN 
      farmers' markets and tested for tetracycline, sulfonamide, and erythromycin 
      residues using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (cELISA). All beef, 
      egg, and honey products had tetracycline residue; the median concentrations were 
      51.75, 30.25, and 77.86 microg/kg, respectively. Sulfonamide residue was present in 
      every sample of beef. Of 18 eggs, 11 eggs had detectable sulfonamide residue; the 
      median concentrations were 3.50 and 1.22 microg/kg in beef and eggs, respectively. 
      Each sample of beef and honey contained erythromycin residue; the median 
      concentrations were 3.67 and 0.68 microg/kg, respectively. Overall, the median 
      concentrations of tetracycline, sulfonamide, and erythromycin residues were below 
      the maximum residue levels (MRLs) set in the U.S. for beef and eggs. Thus, the 
      beef and eggs sold as "antibiotic-free" in East TN farmers' markets can be 
      considered safe for consumption. Safety determination for honey could not be made 
      because MRLs have not been set for honey in the U.S. Because these residues 
      should not be expected in "antibiotic-free" food products, it is important to 
      further investigate the potential sources of these residues in these products.
FAU - Sarkar, Shamim
AU  - Sarkar S
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
FAU - Souza, Marcy J
AU  - Souza MJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0990-2962
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
FAU - Martin-Jimenez, Tomas
AU  - Martin-Jimenez T
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
FAU - Abouelkhair, Mohamed A
AU  - Abouelkhair MA
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
FAU - Kania, Stephen A
AU  - Kania SA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4490-7347
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
FAU - Okafor, Chika C
AU  - Okafor CC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2895-8347
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230324
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Vet Sci
JT  - Veterinary sciences
JID - 101680127
PMC - PMC10143955
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ELISA
OT  - East Tennessee
OT  - Farmers' market
OT  - antibiotic residues
OT  - antibiotic-free
OT  - antimicrobial resistance
OT  - beef
OT  - egg
OT  - erythromycin
OT  - honey
OT  - organic
OT  - sulfonamide
OT  - tetracycline
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/04/27 18:41
MHDA- 2023/04/27 18:42
PMCR- 2023/03/24
CRDT- 2023/04/27 13:43
PHST- 2023/01/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/03/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/04/27 18:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/04/27 18:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/04/27 13:43 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/03/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - vetsci10040243 [pii]
AID - vetsci-10-00243 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/vetsci10040243 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Vet Sci. 2023 Mar 24;10(4):243. doi: 10.3390/vetsci10040243.