PMID- 37107463
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230430
IS  - 2304-8158 (Print)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Electronic)
IS  - 2304-8158 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 8
DP  - 2023 Apr 17
TI  - Effective Therapeutic Verification of Crocin I, Geniposide, and Gardenia 
      (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Vivo and In Vitro.
LID - 10.3390/foods12081668 [doi]
LID - 1668
AB  - For many centuries, Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) was highly valued as a 
      food homologous Chinese herbal medicine with various bioactive compounds, 
      including crocin I and geniposide. However, the functional mechanism underlying 
      the hypoglycemic effect of gardenia is absent in the literature. To evaluate the 
      effect of gardenia and its different extracts on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 
      in in vivo and in vitro experiments, the dried gardenia powder was extracted 
      using 60% ethanol and eluted at different ethanol concentrations to obtain the 
      corresponding purified fragments. After that, the active chemical compositions of 
      the different purified gardenia fragments were analyzed using HPLC. Then, the 
      hypoglycemic effects of the different purified gardenia fragments were compared 
      using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Finally, the different extracts were 
      characterized using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and the mass spectrometric fragmentation 
      pathway of the two main compounds, geniposide and crocin I, were identified. The 
      experimental results indicated that the inhibitory effect of the 40% EGJ (crocin 
      I) on the alpha-glucosidase was better than the 20% EGJ (geniposide) in vitro. 
      However, the inhibitory effect of geniposide on T2DM was better than crocin I in 
      the animal experiments. The different results in vivo and in vitro presumed 
      potentially different mechanisms between crocin I and geniposide on T2DM. This 
      research demonstrated that the mechanism of hypoglycemia in vivo from geniposide 
      is not only one target of the alpha-glucosidase but provides the experimental 
      background for crocin I and the geniposide deep processing and utilization.
FAU - Zhou, Haibo
AU  - Zhou H
AUID- ORCID: 0009-0006-2166-5046
AD  - College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, 
      Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China.
FAU - Zhang, Sen
AU  - Zhang S
AD  - College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, 
      Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China.
FAU - Chen, Lianghua
AU  - Chen L
AD  - Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Physiology and Biochemistry of Subtropical 
      Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen 361006, China.
FAU - Liu, Yimei
AU  - Liu Y
AD  - College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, 
      Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China.
FAU - Shen, Luhong
AU  - Shen L
AD  - College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, 
      Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China.
FAU - Zhang, Jiuliang
AU  - Zhang J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1745-846X
AD  - College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, 
      Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 
      430070, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2662018PY022/the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of 
      China/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230417
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Foods
JT  - Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101670569
PMC - PMC10137615
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - crocin I
OT  - gardenia
OT  - geniposide
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
OT  - alpha-glucosidase
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/04/28 06:41
MHDA- 2023/04/28 06:42
PMCR- 2023/04/17
CRDT- 2023/04/28 01:21
PHST- 2023/03/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/04/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/04/28 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/04/28 06:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/04/28 01:21 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/04/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - foods12081668 [pii]
AID - foods-12-01668 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/foods12081668 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Foods. 2023 Apr 17;12(8):1668. doi: 10.3390/foods12081668.