PMID- 37114464 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230522 LR - 20231006 IS - 2040-3372 (Electronic) IS - 2040-3364 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 19 DP - 2023 May 18 TI - ZIF-8 metal organic framework nanoparticle loaded with tense quaternary state polymerized bovine hemoglobin: potential red blood cell substitute with antioxidant properties. PG - 8832-8844 LID - 10.1039/d2nr06812e [doi] AB - Due to several limitations associated with blood transfusion, such as the relatively short shelf life of stored blood, low risk of developing acute immune hemolytic reactions and graft-versus-host disease, many strategies have been developed to synthesize hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) as universal red blood cell (RBC) substitutes. Recently, zeolite imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8), a metal-organic framework, has attracted considerable attention as a protective scaffold for encapsulation of hemoglobin (Hb). Despite the exceptional thermal and chemical stability of ZIF-8, the major impediments to implementing ZIF-8 for Hb encapsulation are the structural distortions associated with loading large quantities of Hb in the scaffold as the Hb molecule has a larger hydrodynamic diameter than the pore size of ZIF-8. Therefore to reduce the structural distortion caused by Hb encapsulation, we established and optimized a continuous-injection method to synthesize nanoparticle (NP) encapsulated polymerized bovine Hb (PolybHb) using ZIF-8 precursors (ZIF-8P-PolybHb NPs). The synthesis method was further modified by adding EDTA as a chelating agent, which reduced the ZIF-8P-PolybHb NP size to <300 nm. ZIF-8P-PolybHb NPs exhibited lower oxygen affinity (36.4 +/- 3.2 mm Hg) compared to unmodified bovine Hb, but was similar in magnitude to unencapsulated PolybHb. The use of the chemical cross-linker glutaraldehyde to polymerize bovine Hb resulted in the low Hill coefficient of PolybHb, indicating loss of Hb's oxygen binding cooperativity, which could be a limitation when using PolybHb as an oxygen carrier for encapsulation inside the ZIF-8 matrix. ZIF-8P-PolybHb NPs exhibited slower oxygen offloading kinetics compared to unencapsulated PolybHb, demonstrating successful encapsulation of PolybHb. ZIF-8P-PolybHb NPs also exhibited favorable antioxidant properties when exposed to H(2)O(2). Incorporation of PolybHb into the ZIF-8 scaffold resulted in reduced cytotoxicity towards human umbilical vein endothelial cells compared to unloaded ZIF-8 NPs and ZIF-8 NPs loaded with bovine Hb. We envisage that such a monodisperse and biocompatible HBOC with low oxygen affinity and antioxidant properties may broaden its use as an RBC substitute. FAU - Gu, Xiangming AU - Gu X AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9096-5911 AD - William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. palmer.351@osu.edu. FAU - Allyn, Megan AU - Allyn M AD - William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. palmer.351@osu.edu. FAU - Swindle-Reilly, Katelyn AU - Swindle-Reilly K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1739-0263 AD - William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. palmer.351@osu.edu. AD - Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. AD - Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA. FAU - Palmer, Andre F AU - Palmer AF AD - William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. palmer.351@osu.edu. LA - eng GR - R01 EB021926/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL126945/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 HL138116/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230518 PL - England TA - Nanoscale JT - Nanoscale JID - 101525249 RN - 0 (polymerized bovine hemoglobin) RN - 0 (Metal-Organic Frameworks) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 1318-02-1 (Zeolites) RN - BBX060AN9V (Hydrogen Peroxide) RN - 0 (Hemoglobins) RN - 0 (Imidazoles) RN - 0 (Blood Substitutes) RN - S88TT14065 (Oxygen) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Metal-Organic Frameworks/pharmacology MH - Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - *Zeolites/pharmacology MH - Endothelial Cells/metabolism MH - Hydrogen Peroxide MH - Hemoglobins/pharmacology/chemistry MH - Imidazoles MH - *Blood Substitutes/pharmacology/chemistry MH - Oxygen/chemistry MH - *Nanoparticles MH - Erythrocytes/metabolism EDAT- 2023/04/28 06:41 MHDA- 2023/05/22 06:42 CRDT- 2023/04/28 04:23 PHST- 2023/05/22 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/04/28 06:41 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/04/28 04:23 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/d2nr06812e [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nanoscale. 2023 May 18;15(19):8832-8844. doi: 10.1039/d2nr06812e.