PMID- 37133646
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230529
LR  - 20230829
IS  - 1865-8652 (Electronic)
IS  - 0741-238X (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Jun
TI  - Use of Flash Glucose Monitoring and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 
      Diabetes Mellitus Not Treated with an Intensive Insulin Regimen: 1-Year Real-Life 
      Retrospective Cohort Study.
PG  - 2855-2868
LID - 10.1007/s12325-023-02508-y [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Estimation of laboratory-derived glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) cannot 
      be individually used to monitor clinically significant trends in glucose 
      variability. Hence, clinicians advise use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) 
      devices such as the Freestyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system (FLASH) to 
      optimize glycemic control by estimating glucose monitoring index (GMI) values, 
      which convert mean glucose into an estimate of simultaneously measured laboratory 
      HbA1c. This study aimed to investigate the sustainability of intermittently 
      scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) in patients with type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM) not on intensive insulin regimen, and correlations between GMI 
      values obtained from isCGM and laboratory-derived HbA1c values. METHODS: A 
      retrospective review of 93 patients with T2DM not on intensive insulin regimen, 
      using FLASH device, was conducted at a major tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia, 
      over 1 year of continuous device use. To determine the sustainability of isCGM, 
      various glycemic markers such as average glucose and time in range were 
      evaluated. Paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess 
      differences in markers of glycemic control, and Pearson's correlation was used to 
      determine correlations between HbA1c and GMI values. RESULTS: Descriptive 
      analysis shows the mean HbA1c value significantly decreased following continued 
      use of isCGM. Pre-isCGM mean HbA1c value of 8.3% improved to 8.1% (p < 0.001) and 
      7.9% (p < 0.001) in the first 90 and last 90 days of device use, respectively. 
      For both 90-day time periods, correlation analysis revealed a statistically 
      significant positive correlation and linear regression between laboratory-derived 
      HbA1c and GMI values (first 90 days r = 0.7999, p < 0.001; last 90 days 
      r = 0.6651, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Continuous use of isCGM demonstrated 
      reductions in HbA1c levels for patients with T2DM not on an intensive insulin 
      regimen. The GMI values showed high levels of agreement with measured HbA1c, 
      indicating their accuracy in glucose management.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Healthcare Ltd., part 
      of Springer Nature.
FAU - Al Hayek, Ayman A
AU  - Al Hayek AA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3483-3196
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince 
      Sultan Military Medical City, P.O. Box 7897, Riyadh, 11159, Kingdom of Saudi 
      Arabia. ayman.alhayek@yahoo.com.
FAU - Al Dawish, Mohamed A
AU  - Al Dawish MA
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince 
      Sultan Military Medical City, P.O. Box 7897, Riyadh, 11159, Kingdom of Saudi 
      Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20230503
PL  - United States
TA  - Adv Ther
JT  - Advances in therapy
JID - 8611864
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
MH  - Insulin/therapeutic use
MH  - Blood Glucose/analysis
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin
MH  - Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
MH  - Glycemic Control
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Flash glucose monitoring
OT  - Glucose management indicators
OT  - Real-world data
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
EDAT- 2023/05/03 12:42
MHDA- 2023/05/29 06:42
CRDT- 2023/05/03 11:09
PHST- 2023/01/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/29 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/03 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/03 11:09 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s12325-023-02508-y [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s12325-023-02508-y [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Adv Ther. 2023 Jun;40(6):2855-2868. doi: 10.1007/s12325-023-02508-y. Epub 2023 
      May 3.