PMID- 37138911 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230919 IS - 2297-1769 (Print) IS - 2297-1769 (Electronic) IS - 2297-1769 (Linking) VI - 10 DP - 2023 TI - Potential of ferritin 2 as an antigen for the development of a universal vaccine for avian mites, poultry red mites, tropical fowl mites, and northern fowl mites. PG - 1182930 LID - 10.3389/fvets.2023.1182930 [doi] LID - 1182930 AB - INTRODUCTION: Poultry red mites (PRMs, Dermanyssus gallinae), blood-sucking ectoparasites, are a threat to the poultry industry because of reduced production caused by infestation. In addition, tropical fowl mites (TFMs, Ornithonyssus bursa) and northern fowl mites (NFMs, Ornithonyssus sylviarum) are hematophagous, distributed in various regions, genetically and morphologically close to PRMs, and cause similar problems to the poultry industry. Vaccine approaches have been studied for PRM control, and several molecules have been identified in PRMs as candidates for effective vaccine antigens. The development of an anti-PRM vaccine as a universal vaccine with broad efficacy against avian mites could improve the productivity of poultry farms worldwide. Molecules that are highly conserved among avian mites and have critical functions in the physiology and growth of mites could be ideal antigen candidates for the development of universal vaccines. Ferritin 2 (FER2), an iron-binding protein, is critical for the reproduction and survival of PRMs and has been reported as a useful vaccine antigen for the control of PRMs and a candidate for the universal vaccine antigen in some tick species. METHOD AND RESULTS: Herein, we identified and characterized FER2 in TFMs and NFM. Compared with the sequence of PRM, the ferroxidase centers of the heavy chain subunits were conserved in FER2 of TFMs and NFMs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that FER2 belongs to clusters of secretory ferritins of mites and other arthropods. Recombinant FER2 (rFER2) proteins from PRMs, TFMs, and NFMs exhibited iron-binding abilities. Immunization with each rFER2 induced strong antibody responses in chickens, and each immune plasma cross-reacted with rFER2 from different mites. Moreover, mortality rates of PRMs fed with immune plasma against rFER2 from TFMs or NFMs, in addition to PRMs, were higher than those of control plasma. DISCUSSION: rFER2 from each avian mite exhibited anti-PRM effects. This data suggests that it has the potential to be used as an antigen candidate for a universal vaccine against avian mites. Further studies are needed to access the usefulness of FER2 as a universal vaccine for the control of avian mites. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Win, Murata, Fujisawa, Seo, Sato, Motai, Sato, Oishi, Taneno, Htun, Bawm, Okagawa, Maekawa, Konnai and Ohashi. FAU - Win, Shwe Yee AU - Win SY AD - Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. FAU - Murata, Shiro AU - Murata S AD - Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. AD - Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. FAU - Fujisawa, Sotaro AU - Fujisawa S AD - Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. FAU - Seo, Hikari AU - Seo H AD - Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. FAU - Sato, Jumpei AU - Sato J AD - Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. FAU - Motai, Yoshinosuke AU - Motai Y AD - Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. FAU - Sato, Takumi AU - Sato T AD - Vaxxinova Japan K.K., Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Oishi, Eiji AU - Oishi E AD - Vaxxinova Japan K.K., Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Taneno, Akira AU - Taneno A AD - Vaxxinova Japan K.K., Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Htun, Lat Lat AU - Htun LL AD - Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. FAU - Bawm, Saw AU - Bawm S AD - Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. AD - Department of Livestock and Aquaculture Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. FAU - Okagawa, Tomohiro AU - Okagawa T AD - Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. FAU - Maekawa, Naoya AU - Maekawa N AD - Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. FAU - Konnai, Satoru AU - Konnai S AD - Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. AD - Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. FAU - Ohashi, Kazuhiko AU - Ohashi K AD - Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. AD - Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. AD - International Affairs Office, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230417 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Vet Sci JT - Frontiers in veterinary science JID - 101666658 PMC - PMC10149675 OTO - NOTNLM OT - ferritin 2 OT - northern fowl mite OT - poultry red mite OT - tropical fowl mite OT - vaccine COIS- TS, EO, and AT were employed by Vaxxinova Japan K.K, Tokyo, Japan. SM, SK, and KO are authors of the patent-covering materials and techniques described in this manuscript (EU patent, EP15800403.6; Japanese patent, 2016-523581). The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/05/04 06:41 MHDA- 2023/05/04 06:42 PMCR- 2023/01/01 CRDT- 2023/05/04 02:10 PHST- 2023/03/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/03/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/05/04 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/05/04 06:41 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/05/04 02:10 [entrez] PHST- 2023/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fvets.2023.1182930 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Vet Sci. 2023 Apr 17;10:1182930. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1182930. eCollection 2023.