PMID- 37141249
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230508
LR  - 20230512
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 5
DP  - 2023
TI  - The intake of ultra-processed foods, all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular 
      mortality in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinees 
      (KoGES-HEXA) cohort.
PG  - e0285314
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0285314 [doi]
LID - e0285314
AB  - The relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and mortality is 
      unknown in Asian countries, yet the intake of UPF is on the rise in these 
      countries. This study examined the association of UPF intake with all-cause, 
      cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Participants were 113,576 
      adults who responded to a 106-item food frequency questionnaire during 
      recruitment of the 2004-2013 Health Examinees (HEXA) study, a prospective cohort 
      study in Korea. UPF were defined using the NOVA classification and evaluated as 
      quartiles of the proportion of UPF in the diet (% total food weight). 
      Multivariable Cox regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to 
      examine the association of UPF intake with all-cause and cause specific 
      mortality. A total of 3456 deaths were recorded during a median follow-up of 10.6 
      (interquartile range, 9.5-11.9) years. There was no evidence of an association of 
      UPF intake with all-cause, cancer or CVD mortality comparing the highest with the 
      lowest quartiles of UPF intake (all-cause mortality, men: hazard ratio [HR] 1.08, 
      95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-1.22; women: HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.81-1.11; cancer 
      mortality, men: HR 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-1.22; women: HR 1.02, 
      95% CI 0.83-1.26; CVD mortality, men: HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.64-1.22; women: HR 0.80, 
      95% CI 0.53-1.19). However, the risk of all-cause mortality increased in both men 
      and women with high consumption of ultra-processed red meat and fish (men, HR 
      1.26, 95% CI 1.11-1.43); women, HR 1.22 95% CI 1.05-1.43); and in men with high 
      consumption of ultra-processed milk (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26); and soymilk 
      drink (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.25). We found no evidence of an association between 
      total UPF intake and all-cause, cancer or CVD mortality, but ultra-processed red 
      meat and fish in both sexes, and milk and soymilk drinks in men were positively 
      associated with all-cause mortality.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2023 Kityo, Lee. This is an open access article distributed under 
      the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted 
      use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author 
      and source are credited.
FAU - Kityo, Anthony
AU  - Kityo A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9212-1413
AD  - Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National 
      University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Lee, Sang-Ah
AU  - Lee SA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5079-9733
AD  - Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National 
      University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
AD  - Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence, Kangwon 
      National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230504
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Animals
MH  - Female
MH  - Food, Processed
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Diet
MH  - Meat
MH  - *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
MH  - *Neoplasms/epidemiology
MH  - Republic of Korea/epidemiology
MH  - Fast Foods
MH  - Food Handling
PMC - PMC10159145
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2023/05/04 18:41
MHDA- 2023/05/08 06:42
PMCR- 2023/05/04
CRDT- 2023/05/04 13:44
PHST- 2022/10/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/08 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/04 18:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/04 13:44 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/05/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-22-26654 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0285314 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2023 May 4;18(5):e0285314. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285314. 
      eCollection 2023.