PMID- 37145417
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230518
LR  - 20230518
IS  - 1944-8252 (Electronic)
IS  - 1944-8244 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 19
DP  - 2023 May 17
TI  - Liquid-Liquid Encapsulation: Penetration vs. Trapping at a Liquid Interfacial 
      Layer.
PG  - 23938-23950
LID - 10.1021/acsami.3c02177 [doi]
AB  - Encapsulation protects vulnerable cores in an aggressive environment and imparts 
      desirable functionalities to the overall encapsulated cargo, including control of 
      mechanical properties, release kinetics, and targeted delivery. Liquid-liquid 
      encapsulation to create such capsules, where a liquid layer (shell) is used to 
      wrap another liquid (core), is an attractive value proposition for ultrafast 
      encapsulation ( approximately 100 ms). Here, we demonstrate a robust framework for stable 
      liquid-liquid encapsulation. Wrapping is achieved by simple impingement of a 
      target core (in liquid form) on top of an interfacial layer of another 
      shell-forming liquid floating on a host liquid bath. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) 
      (PDMS) is chosen as the shell-forming liquid due to its biocompatibility, 
      physicochemical stability, heat curability, and acceptability as both a drug 
      excipient and food additive. Depending on the kinetic energy of the impinging 
      core droplet, encapsulation is accomplished by either of the two 
      pathways horizontal line necking-driven complete interfacial penetration and subsequent 
      generation of encapsulated droplets inside the host bath or trapping inside the 
      interfacial layer. Combining thermodynamic argument with experimental 
      demonstration, we show that the interfacially trapped state, which results in a 
      low kinetic energy of impact, is also an encapsulated state where the core 
      droplet is wholly enclosed inside the floating interfacial layer. Therefore, 
      despite being impact-driven, our method remains kinetic energy independent and 
      minimally restrictive. We describe the underlying interfacial evolution behind 
      encapsulation and experimentally identify a nondimensional regime of occurrence 
      for the two pathways mentioned above. Successful encapsulation by either path 
      offers efficient long-term protection of the encased cores in aggressive 
      surroundings (e.g., protection of honey/maple syrup inside a water bath despite 
      their miscibility). We enable the generation of multifunctional compound droplets 
      via interfacial trapping, where multiple core droplets with different 
      compositions are encapsulated within the same wrapping shell. Further, we 
      demonstrate the practical utility of the interfacially trapped state by showing 
      successful heat-curing of the shell and subsequent extraction of the capsule. The 
      cured capsules are sufficiently robust and remain stable under normal handling.
FAU - Misra, Sirshendu
AU  - Misra S
AD  - Micro & Nano-Scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 
      Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 
      200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
FAU - Banerjee, Utsab
AU  - Banerjee U
AD  - Micro & Nano-Scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 
      Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 
      200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
FAU - Mitra, Sushanta K
AU  - Mitra SK
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0792-8314
AD  - Micro & Nano-Scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 
      Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 
      200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230505
PL  - United States
TA  - ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
JT  - ACS applied materials & interfaces
JID - 101504991
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - core-shell structures
OT  - droplet impact
OT  - interfacial trapping
OT  - liquid-liquid encapsulation
OT  - poly(dimethylsiloxane)
EDAT- 2023/05/05 12:42
MHDA- 2023/05/05 12:43
CRDT- 2023/05/05 11:23
PHST- 2023/05/05 12:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/05 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/05 11:23 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acsami.3c02177 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023 May 17;15(19):23938-23950. doi: 
      10.1021/acsami.3c02177. Epub 2023 May 5.