PMID- 37148697
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230612
LR  - 20230612
IS  - 1873-264X (Electronic)
IS  - 0731-7085 (Linking)
VI  - 233
DP  - 2023 Sep 5
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of six saponins in the rat after 
      oral administration of Ilex pubescens extract using a validated simultaneous 
      UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS assay.
PG  - 115431
LID - S0731-7085(23)00200-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115431 [doi]
AB  - Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn is a medicinal plant of the Ilex family that is 
      mainly used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Its main medicinal 
      ingredients are total triterpenoid saponins (IPTS). However, the pharmacokinetics 
      and tissue distribution of the main multi-triterpenoid saponins are lacking. This 
      is the first report that demonstrates a sensitive ultra-performance liquid 
      chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 
      (UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS) method for the quantification of ilexgenin A (C1), ilexsaponin 
      A1 (C2), ilexsaponin B1 (C3), ilexsaponin B2 (C4), ilexsaponin B3 (DC1) and 
      ilexoside O (DC2) in rat plasma and various tissues of the heart, liver, spleen, 
      lungs, kidney, brain, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon and thoracic 
      aorta. The chromatographic separation was carried out on an Acquity HSS T3 UPLC 
      column (2.1 x 100 mm, 1.8 microm, Waters, USA) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% 
      (v/v) formic acid (A) and acetonitrile containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid (B) at a 
      flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The MS/MS detection was performed by electrospray 
      ionization (ESI) using selected ion monitoring (SIM) in negative scan mode. The 
      developed quantification method showed good linearity over the concentration 
      range of 10-2000 ng/mL for plasma and 25-5000 ng/mL for tissue homogenates with 
      R(2) >/= 0.990. Lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) was 10 ng/mL in plasma and 
      25 ng/mL in tissue homogenates. The intra- and inter-day precision were less than 
      10.39%, and the accuracy was between - 1.03% and 9.13%. The extract recoveries, 
      dilution integrity and matrix effect were well within satisfactory limits. Using 
      the validated method, the pharmacokinetic parameters, including half-life, AUC, 
      Cmax, CL, and MRT, of six triterpenoid saponins in rats after oral administration 
      were provided by establishing their plasma concentration-time curves, while their 
      absolute quantification in various tissues after oral administration was also 
      determined at first, which provides a scientific basis for their clinical 
      application.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Chen, Bingying
AU  - Chen B
AD  - School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 
      Guangzhou 510006, China.
FAU - Kuang, Guojun
AU  - Kuang G
AD  - Division of Biochemistry Drug's, Guangzhou Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 
      510160, China.
FAU - Wang, Ying
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 
      Guangzhou 510006, China.
FAU - Zhang, Yingyin
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 
      Guangzhou 510006, China.
FAU - Wu, Yurong
AU  - Wu Y
AD  - School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 
      Guangzhou 510006, China.
FAU - Li, Yu
AU  - Li Y
AD  - School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, 
      China.
FAU - Zhang, Juan
AU  - Zhang J
AD  - Division of Biochemistry Drug's, Guangzhou Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 
      510160, China.
FAU - Zhang, Lei
AU  - Zhang L
AD  - School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 
      Guangzhou 510006, China. Electronic address: zhangleic431@163.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230428
PL  - England
TA  - J Pharm Biomed Anal
JT  - Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
JID - 8309336
RN  - 0YIW783RG1 (formic acid)
RN  - 0 (Saponins)
RN  - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal)
RN  - 0 (Triterpenes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Rats
MH  - Animals
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
MH  - Tissue Distribution
MH  - *Ilex/chemistry
MH  - *Saponins/chemistry
MH  - *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - *Triterpenes/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn
OT  - Pharmacokinetics
OT  - Tissue distribution
OT  - Triterpenoid saponin
OT  - UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/05/07 00:42
MHDA- 2023/06/12 06:42
CRDT- 2023/05/06 18:06
PHST- 2023/03/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/04/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/06/12 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/07 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/06 18:06 [entrez]
AID - S0731-7085(23)00200-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115431 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2023 Sep 5;233:115431. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115431. Epub 
      2023 Apr 28.