PMID- 37153231
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230509
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2023 Apr
TI  - Probability of Concurrent Deficiency of Vitamin D and Iron in Hypothyroidism: A 
      Cross-Sectional Study.
PG  - e37152
LID - 10.7759/cureus.37152 [doi]
LID - e37152
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hypothyroidism is the most common pathophysiological condition that 
      affects mostly females in both developed and developing countries. Data on 
      hypothyroidism among adult females are essential to understand the underactive 
      status of the thyroid gland among the female population and its correlated 
      effects on a deficiency of vitamin D and iron, as effective prevention of 
      osteoporotic changes and iron deficiency anemia is possible. Therefore, the 
      present study was designed to investigate the probability of concurrent iron and 
      vitamin D deficiency among the adult hypothyroid female population of Abu Dhabi, 
      UAE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out from 
      September 2019 to July 2021 among 500 adult females aged 18 to 45 years old in 
      Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC) and Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu 
      Dhabi, UAE. After obtaining written informed consent, subjects' demographic 
      characteristics (sun exposure, dressing code, food consumption), anthropometry 
      (height, weight, BMI), and biochemical parameters (thyroid profile, vitamin D 
      profile, iron profile, and blood indices) were measured. RESULTS: In this study, 
      serum vitamin D and iron levels were significantly (p<0.01) decreased in the 
      hypothyroid female group (study group). The serum vitamin D and iron levels 
      showed a significant negative (p<0.01) correlation with thyroid-stimulating 
      hormone (TSH). Out of 250 study group participants, 61 had a concurrent 
      deficiency of serum vitamin D and iron, yielding a probability (P of low vitamin 
      D and iron and hypothyroidism) of 0.244, which indicates that if 1000 hypothyroid 
      patients are tested for serum vitamin D and iron levels, 24 patients are probable 
      to have low vitamin D and iron. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that vitamin D 
      and iron bi-deficiency were observed in adult hypothyroid females in Abu Dhabi, 
      UAE. So, the routine check-up of thyroid function and vitamin D and iron profiles 
      should be done early. Therefore, early vitamin D and iron deficiencies can be 
      detected, and supplements can be given to prevent further health complications 
      like osteoporosis and iron deficiency anemia.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023, Shimmi et al.
FAU - Shimmi, Sadia Choudhury
AU  - Shimmi SC
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 
      Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, MYS.
FAU - Eldosouky, Hossameldin F
AU  - Eldosouky HF
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 
      Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, MYS.
FAU - Hossain Parash, M Tanveer
AU  - Hossain Parash MT
AD  - Anatomy Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health 
      Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, MYS.
FAU - Wan Saudi, Wan Salman
AU  - Wan Saudi WS
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 
      Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, MYS.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230405
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC10161284
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 25 (oh) vitamin d
OT  - bi-deficiency
OT  - hypothyroidism
OT  - iron
OT  - uae
OT  - vitamin d
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2023/05/08 06:42
MHDA- 2023/05/08 06:43
PMCR- 2023/04/05
CRDT- 2023/05/08 04:13
PHST- 2023/04/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/08 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/08 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/08 04:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/04/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.37152 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2023 Apr 5;15(4):e37152. doi: 10.7759/cureus.37152. eCollection 2023 Apr.