PMID- 37172134
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230524
LR  - 20231004
IS  - 1936-086X (Electronic)
IS  - 1936-0851 (Print)
IS  - 1936-0851 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 10
DP  - 2023 May 23
TI  - A Microstirring Oral Pill for Improving the Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin.
PG  - 9272-9279
LID - 10.1021/acsnano.3c00581 [doi]
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia due to 
      persistent insulin resistance, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. 
      Metformin is the most prescribed oral drug for lowering high blood glucose levels 
      in T2DM patients. However, it is poorly absorbed and has low bioavailability. 
      Here, we introduce magnesium-based microstirrers to a metformin-containing pill 
      matrix to enhance the glucose-lowering effect of metformin. The resulting 
      microstirring pill possesses a built-in mixing capability by creating local fluid 
      transport upon interacting with biological fluid to enable fast pill 
      disintegration and drug release along with accelerated metformin delivery. In 
      vivo glucose tolerance testing using a murine model demonstrates that the 
      metformin microstirring pill significantly improves therapeutic efficacy, 
      lowering blood glucose levels after a meal more rapidly compared to a regular 
      metformin pill without active stirring. As a result, the microstirrers allow for 
      dose sparing, providing effective therapeutic efficacy at a lower drug dosage 
      than passive metformin pills. These encouraging results highlight the versatility 
      of this simple yet elegant microstirring pill technology, which enhances drug 
      absorption after gastrointestinal delivery to improve therapeutic efficacy.
FAU - Mundaca-Uribe, Rodolfo
AU  - Mundaca-Uribe R
AD  - Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California 
      San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070043, Chile.
FAU - Holay, Maya
AU  - Holay M
AD  - Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California 
      San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
FAU - Abbas, Amal
AU  - Abbas A
AD  - Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California 
      San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
FAU - Askarinam, Nelly
AU  - Askarinam N
AD  - Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California 
      San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
FAU - Sage-Sepulveda, Janna Sofia
AU  - Sage-Sepulveda JS
AD  - Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California 
      San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
FAU - Kubiatowicz, Luke
AU  - Kubiatowicz L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1847-0129
AD  - Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California 
      San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
FAU - Fang, Ronnie H
AU  - Fang RH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6373-3189
AD  - Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California 
      San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
FAU - Zhang, Liangfang
AU  - Zhang L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0637-0654
AD  - Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California 
      San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
FAU - Wang, Joseph
AU  - Wang J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4921-9674
AD  - Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California 
      San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 AI159492/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20230512
PL  - United States
TA  - ACS Nano
JT  - ACS nano
JID - 101313589
RN  - 9100L32L2N (Metformin)
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mice
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Metformin/pharmacology
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
MH  - Blood Glucose
MH  - *Insulin Resistance
MH  - Biological Availability
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
PMC - PMC10542935
MID - NIHMS1932510
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - diabetes
OT  - glucose
OT  - metformin
OT  - micromotor
OT  - microstirrer
OT  - microstirring pill
EDAT- 2023/05/12 19:06
MHDA- 2023/05/24 06:42
PMCR- 2024/05/23
CRDT- 2023/05/12 14:23
PHST- 2024/05/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
PHST- 2023/05/24 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/12 19:06 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/12 14:23 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acsnano.3c00581 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - ACS Nano. 2023 May 23;17(10):9272-9279. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00581. Epub 2023 
      May 12.