PMID- 37174885
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230515
IS  - 2227-9032 (Print)
IS  - 2227-9032 (Electronic)
IS  - 2227-9032 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 9
DP  - 2023 May 7
TI  - Wealth Status and Health Insurance Enrollment in India: An Empirical Analysis.
LID - 10.3390/healthcare11091343 [doi]
LID - 1343
AB  - Since 2005, health insurance (HI) coverage in India has significantly increased, 
      largely because of the introduction of government-funded pro-poor insurance 
      programs. As a result, the determinants of HI enrollment and their relative 
      importance may have changed. Using National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 data, 
      collected in 2015-2016, and employing a Probit regression model, we re-examine 
      the determinants of household HI enrollment. Then, using a multinomial logistic 
      regression model, we estimate the relative risk ratio for enrollment in different 
      HI schemes. In comparison to the results on the determinants of HI enrollment 
      using the NFHS data collected in 2005-2006, we find a decrease in the wealth gap 
      in public HI enrollment. Nonetheless, disparities in enrollment remain, with some 
      changes in those patterns. Households with low assets have lower enrollments in 
      private and community-based health insurance (CBHI) programs. Households with a 
      higher number of dependents have a higher likelihood of HI enrollment, especially 
      in rural areas. In rural areas, poor Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe 
      households are more likely to be enrolled in public HI than the general Caste 
      households. In urban areas, Muslim households have a lower likelihood of 
      enrollment in any HI. The educational attainment of household heads is positively 
      associated with enrollment in private HI, but it is negatively associated with 
      enrollment in public HI. Since 2005-2006, while HI coverage has improved, 
      disparities across social groups remain.
FAU - Ambade, Preshit Nemdas
AU  - Ambade PN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6919-7206
AD  - Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 
      University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
FAU - Gerald, Joe
AU  - Gerald J
AD  - Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of 
      Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
FAU - Rahman, Tauhidur
AU  - Rahman T
AD  - Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, College of Agriculture and 
      Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230507
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Healthcare (Basel)
JT  - Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101666525
PMC - PMC10177841
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - India
OT  - health inequity
OT  - health insurance
OT  - health policy
OT  - health research
OT  - population health
OT  - public policy
OT  - wealth
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/05/13 15:13
MHDA- 2023/05/13 15:14
PMCR- 2023/05/07
CRDT- 2023/05/13 01:23
PHST- 2023/02/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/04/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/13 15:14 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/13 15:13 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/13 01:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/05/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - healthcare11091343 [pii]
AID - healthcare-11-01343 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/healthcare11091343 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Healthcare (Basel). 2023 May 7;11(9):1343. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11091343.