PMID- 37182467
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230529
LR  - 20230529
IS  - 1873-3336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0304-3894 (Linking)
VI  - 455
DP  - 2023 Aug 5
TI  - Synergistic interactions between sewage sludge, polypropylene, and high-density 
      polyethylene during co-pyrolysis: An investigation based on iso-conversional 
      model-free methods and master plot analysis.
PG  - 131600
LID - S0304-3894(23)00883-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131600 [doi]
AB  - Sewage sludge (SS) is a hazardous by-product of wastewater treatment processes 
      that requires careful management for minimal environmental impacts and effective 
      resource recovery. Through thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis, clean 
      energy is recovered from SS in the form of bio-oil, biogas, and biochar. To 
      improve the yield and quality of products, the co-pyrolysis of more than two 
      materials is increasingly gaining interest. Here, the thermal behaviour, 
      kinetics, and synergistic interactions during the co-pyrolysis of SS with 
      polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were comparatively 
      evaluated with thermogravimetric analysis at different mixing ratios and heat 
      rates. Activation energies and reaction mechanisms were determined through 
      iso-conversional model-free methods and master plot analysis. Evolved gases were 
      monitored with thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry. Increased volatile conversion 
      and degradation rates, and reduced activation energies during co-pyrolysis were 
      mediated by synergistic interactions between H-radicals of PP/HDPE and oxygenated 
      intermediates of SS. Contrary to the pyrolysis of SS, PP and HDPE, the 
      co-pyrolysis processes are predominantly diffusion-controlled. Insights into the 
      co-pyrolysis processes of SS/PP and SS/HDPE gained from this work provide the 
      theoretical support for subsequent investigation, facilitate design of 
      waste-to-energy reactor, and aid the adoption of the technology to harness the 
      bioenergy potential of the feedstocks.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ling, Crystal Chia Yin
AU  - Ling CCY
AD  - Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 
      Singapore 117543, Singapore.
FAU - Li, Sam Fong Yau
AU  - Li SFY
AD  - Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 
      Singapore 117543, Singapore. Electronic address: chmlifys@nus.edu.sg.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230509
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Hazard Mater
JT  - Journal of hazardous materials
JID - 9422688
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Co-pyrolysis
OT  - Evolved gas analysis
OT  - Isoconversional model-free methods
OT  - Kinetic modeling
OT  - Master plot analysis
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/05/15 00:42
MHDA- 2023/05/15 00:43
CRDT- 2023/05/14 18:09
PHST- 2023/01/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/05/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/15 00:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/15 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/14 18:09 [entrez]
AID - S0304-3894(23)00883-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131600 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Hazard Mater. 2023 Aug 5;455:131600. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131600. Epub 
      2023 May 9.