PMID- 37187746
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230517
LR  - 20230518
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2023
TI  - Inactivated ostreid herpesvirus-1 induces an innate immune response in the 
      Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, hemocytes.
PG  - 1161145
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161145 [doi]
LID - 1161145
AB  - Infectious diseases are a major constraint to the expansion of shellfish 
      production worldwide. Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), a polymicrobial 
      disease triggered by the Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1), has devastated the 
      global Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) aquaculture industry. Recent 
      ground-breaking research revealed that C. gigas possess an immune memory, capable 
      of adaption, which improves the immune response upon a second exposure to a 
      pathogen. This paradigm shift opens the door for developing 'vaccines' to improve 
      shellfish survival during disease outbreaks. In the present study, we developed 
      an in-vitro assay using hemocytes - the main effectors of the C. gigas immune 
      system - collected from juvenile oysters susceptible to OsHV-1. The potency of 
      multiple antigen preparations (e.g., chemically and physically inactivated 
      OsHV-1, viral DNA, and protein extracts) to stimulate an immune response in 
      hemocytes was evaluated using flow cytometry and droplet digital PCR to measure 
      immune-related subcellular functions and gene expression, respectively. The 
      immune response to the different antigens was benchmarked against that of 
      hemocytes treated with Poly (I:C). We identified 10 antigen preparations capable 
      of inducing immune stimulation in hemocytes (ROS production and positively 
      expressed immune- related genes) after 1 h of exposure, without causing 
      cytotoxicity. These findings are significant, as they evidence the potential for 
      priming the innate immunity of oysters using viral antigens, which may enable 
      cost-effective therapeutic treatment to mitigate OsHV-1/POMS. Further testing of 
      these antigen preparations using an in-vivo infection model is essential to 
      validate promising candidate pseudo-vaccines.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Delisle, Rolton and Vignier.
FAU - Delisle, Lizenn
AU  - Delisle L
AD  - Biosecurity Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand.
FAU - Rolton, Anne
AU  - Rolton A
AD  - Biosecurity Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand.
FAU - Vignier, Julien
AU  - Vignier J
AD  - Aquaculture Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20230428
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
RN  - O84C90HH2L (Poly I-C)
RN  - Ostreid herpesvirus 1
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Herpesviridae/physiology
MH  - Hemocytes
MH  - *Crassostrea
MH  - Immunity, Innate
MH  - Poly I-C
PMC - PMC10175643
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ostreid herpesvirus-1
OT  - droplet digital PCR
OT  - flow cytometry
OT  - immune priming
OT  - innate immune memory
OT  - pseudo-vaccination
OT  - reactive oxygen species
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/05/16 01:09
MHDA- 2023/05/17 06:42
PMCR- 2023/01/01
CRDT- 2023/05/15 19:30
PHST- 2023/02/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/17 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/16 01:09 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/15 19:30 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161145 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2023 Apr 28;14:1161145. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161145. 
      eCollection 2023.