PMID- 37187750
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230517
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2023
TI  - Dietary alpha-ketoglutarate alleviates glycinin and beta-conglycinin induced damage in 
      the intestine of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio).
PG  - 1140012
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140012 [doi]
LID - 1140012
AB  - This study investigated the glycinin and beta-conglycinin induced intestinal damage 
      and alpha-ketoglutarate alleviating the damage of glycinin and beta-conglycinin in 
      intestine. Carp were randomly divided into six dietary groups: containing fish 
      meal (FM) as the protein source, soybean meal (SM), glycinin (FMG), beta-conglycinin 
      (FMc), glycinin+1.0% alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) (FMGA), beta-conglycinin+1.0% AKG (FMcA). 
      The intestines were collected on 7(th), and the hepatopancreas and intestines 
      were collected on 56(th). Fish treated with SM and FMc displayed reduced weight 
      gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency. On 56(th) day, Fish fed on 
      SM, FMG and FMc presented lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. FMGA and 
      FMcA had higher SOD activity than those fed on the FMG and FMc, respectively. In 
      intestine, fish fed on the SM diets collected on 7(th) presented upregulated the 
      expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta1), AMP-activated protein 
      kinase beta (AMPKbeta), AMPKgamma, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Fish fed FMG 
      presented upregulated expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), 
      caspase9, and AMPKgamma, while downregulated the expression of claudin7 and AMPKalpha. 
      FMc group presented upregulated expression of TGFbeta1, caspase3, caspase8, and ACC. 
      Fish fed FMGA showed upregulated expression of TGFbeta1, claudin3c, claudin7, while 
      downregulating the expression of TNF-alpha and AMPKgamma when compared to fish fed FMG 
      diet. FMcA upregulated the expression of TGFbeta1, claudin3c than fed on the FMc. In 
      intestine, the villus height and mucosal thickness of the proximal intestine (PI) 
      and the distal intestine (DI) were decreased and crypt depth of the PI and mid 
      intestine (MI) were increased in SM, FMG and FMc. In addition, fish fed on SM, 
      FMG and FMc presented lower citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase 
      (ICD), alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (alpha-KGDHC) Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity 
      in DI. FMGA had higher CS, ICD, alpha-KGDHC, and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity in PI and 
      MI than those fed on the FMG. FMcA had higher Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity in MI. 
      In conclusion, dietary soybean meal destroys the intestine's health, the adverse 
      effects are related to the presence of beta-conglycinin and glycinin, especially 
      glycinin. AKG may regulate intestinal energy via tricarboxylic acid cycle, 
      thereby alleviating the damage intestinal morphology caused by the dietary 
      soybean antigen proteins.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Luo, Qian, Qiu, Yamamoto, Du, Lin, Zhao and Xu.
FAU - Luo, Qiaohua
AU  - Luo Q
AD  - College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
AD  - Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and 
      Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation 
      and Development Technology, Huzhou, China.
FAU - Qian, Rendong
AU  - Qian R
AD  - College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
AD  - Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and 
      Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation 
      and Development Technology, Huzhou, China.
FAU - Qiu, Zongsheng
AU  - Qiu Z
AD  - College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
AD  - Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and 
      Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation 
      and Development Technology, Huzhou, China.
FAU - Yamamoto, Fernando Y
AU  - Yamamoto FY
AD  - Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center Agriculture and Forestry 
      Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States.
AD  - Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, 
      Starkville, MS, United States.
FAU - Du, Yingying
AU  - Du Y
AD  - College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
AD  - Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and 
      Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation 
      and Development Technology, Huzhou, China.
FAU - Lin, Xiaowen
AU  - Lin X
AD  - College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
AD  - Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and 
      Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation 
      and Development Technology, Huzhou, China.
FAU - Zhao, Jianhua
AU  - Zhao J
AD  - College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
AD  - Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and 
      Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation 
      and Development Technology, Huzhou, China.
FAU - Xu, Qiyou
AU  - Xu Q
AD  - College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
AD  - Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and 
      Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation 
      and Development Technology, Huzhou, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20230428
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
RN  - 9007-93-6 (glycinin)
RN  - 0 (beta-conglycinin protein, Glycine max)
RN  - 0 (Ketoglutaric Acids)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Carps
MH  - Ketoglutaric Acids/pharmacology
MH  - Intestines
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
MH  - Diet
MH  - Glycine max
MH  - Superoxide Dismutase
MH  - Adenosine Triphosphatases
PMC - PMC10179059
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cyprinus carpio
OT  - glycinin
OT  - intestine immunity
OT  - alpha-ketoglutarate
OT  - beta-conglycinin
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/05/16 01:09
MHDA- 2023/05/17 06:42
PMCR- 2023/01/01
CRDT- 2023/05/15 19:30
PHST- 2023/01/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/17 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/16 01:09 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/15 19:30 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140012 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2023 Apr 28;14:1140012. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140012. 
      eCollection 2023.