PMID- 37187986
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230920
IS  - 0022-1155 (Print)
IS  - 0975-8402 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-1155 (Linking)
VI  - 60
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Jun
TI  - Green extraction and purification of chondroitin sulfate from jumbo squid 
      cartilage by a novel procedure combined with enzyme, ultrasound and hollow fiber 
      dialysis.
PG  - 1711-1722
LID - 10.1007/s13197-023-05701-7 [doi]
AB  - Chondroitin sulfate (ChS) from marine sources is gaining attention. The purpose 
      of this study was to extract ChS from jumbo squid cartilage (Dosidicus gigas) 
      using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE). An ultrasound with 
      protease assistance, including either alcalase, papain or Protin NY100 was used 
      to extract ChS. The results showed that alcalase had the best extraction 
      efficiency. The response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the 
      relationship between extraction conditions and extraction yield of ChS. The ridge 
      max analysis revealed a maximum extraction yield of 11.9 mg ml(- 1) with an 
      extraction temperature of 59.40  degrees C, an extraction time of 24.01 min, a pH of 
      8.25, and an alcalase concentration of 3.60%. Compared to ethanol precipitation, 
      purification using a hollow fiber dialyzer (HFD) had a higher extraction yield of 
      62.72% and purity of 85.96%. The structure characteristics of ChS were identified 
      using FTIR, (1) H-NMR, and (13) C-NMR to confirm that the purified ChS structure 
      was present in the form of chondroitin-4-sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate. The 
      results of this study provide a green and efficient process for extraction and 
      purification of ChS and are essential for the use of ChS for the development and 
      production of nutrient food products or pharmaceuticals. SUPPLEMENTARY 
      INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 
      10.1007/s13197-023-05701-7.
CI  - (c) Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2023, Springer Nature or 
      its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this 
      article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); 
      author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is 
      solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
FAU - Tsai, Ming-Fong
AU  - Tsai MF
AD  - Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and 
      Technology, Kaohsiung, 811 Taiwan. GRID: grid.412071.1. ISNI: 0000 0004 0639 0070
FAU - Huang, Chun-Yung
AU  - Huang CY
AD  - Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and 
      Technology, Kaohsiung, 811 Taiwan. GRID: grid.412071.1. ISNI: 0000 0004 0639 0070
FAU - Nargotra, Parushi
AU  - Nargotra P
AD  - Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and 
      Technology, Kaohsiung, 811 Taiwan. GRID: grid.412071.1. ISNI: 0000 0004 0639 0070
FAU - Tang, Wen-Rui
AU  - Tang WR
AD  - Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and 
      Technology, Kaohsiung, 811 Taiwan. GRID: grid.412071.1. ISNI: 0000 0004 0639 0070
FAU - Liao, Kuan-Ting
AU  - Liao KT
AD  - Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and 
      Technology, Kaohsiung, 811 Taiwan. GRID: grid.412071.1. ISNI: 0000 0004 0639 0070
FAU - Lee, Yi-Chen
AU  - Lee YC
AD  - Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and 
      Technology, Kaohsiung, 811 Taiwan. GRID: grid.412071.1. ISNI: 0000 0004 0639 0070
FAU - Lin, Chia-Min
AU  - Lin CM
AD  - Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and 
      Technology, Kaohsiung, 811 Taiwan. GRID: grid.412071.1. ISNI: 0000 0004 0639 0070
FAU - Lin, Chitsan
AU  - Lin C
AD  - Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of 
      Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811 Taiwan. GRID: grid.412071.1. ISNI: 0000 
      0004 0639 0070
FAU - Shieh, Chwen-Jen
AU  - Shieh CJ
AD  - Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan. 
      GRID: grid.260542.7. ISNI: 0000 0004 0532 3749
FAU - Kuo, Chia-Hung
AU  - Kuo CH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3445-5663
AD  - Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and 
      Technology, Kaohsiung, 811 Taiwan. GRID: grid.412071.1. ISNI: 0000 0004 0639 0070
AD  - Center for Aquatic Products Inspection Service, National Kaohsiung University of 
      Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811 Taiwan. GRID: grid.412071.1. ISNI: 0000 
      0004 0639 0070
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230410
PL  - India
TA  - J Food Sci Technol
JT  - Journal of food science and technology
JID - 0056471
PMC - PMC10169932
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chondroitin sulfate
OT  - Hollow fiber dialyzer
OT  - Jumbo squid cartilage
OT  - Protease
OT  - Response surface methodology
OT  - Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction
COIS- Conflict of interestThe author(s) declare no potential conflict of interest with 
      respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
EDAT- 2023/05/16 01:09
MHDA- 2023/05/16 01:10
PMCR- 2024/06/01
CRDT- 2023/05/15 19:34
PHST- 2023/02/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/02/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
PHST- 2023/05/16 01:09 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/16 01:10 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/15 19:34 [entrez]
AID - 5701 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s13197-023-05701-7 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Food Sci Technol. 2023 Jun;60(6):1711-1722. doi: 10.1007/s13197-023-05701-7. 
      Epub 2023 Apr 10.